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4chan :一个‘肆意妄为’且没有记忆的网站 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册4chan :一个‘肆意妄为’且没有记忆的网站区块纪元边学习边输出,致力成为区块链行业布道者今天分享一个有意思的网站:4chan.org4chan是meme文化的发源地。meme代表的是一个社群的记忆和文化,翻译成中文是「模因」。对于日渐分化的社群和圈子来说,meme成就了很多的网络词语、梗和表情包。举个例子,‘u1s1’是‘有一说一’的简称。它的背景来源是在各种论坛圈子里的争吵声太大导致有好几方意见向左争锋相对时,这种势力形成了类似于帮派的思想组织。这时候如果有人想出来表达自己真实的观点又怕被误认为是其中一个帮派而受到其他帮派的攻击,就会在开头加上一个‘有一说一’,来代表自己言论的真诚。在数字货币领域,挖红薯、挖寿司以及大姨夫等等也是这个圈子的meme。作为区块链的项目,离不开社群,而社群又离不开meme。而4chan这个网站,就是以表情包为代表的meme的发源地这个由15岁的美国青年做的网站,繁衍出了社群最必不可少的meme文化,也成为了币圈顶级流量平台。如果想看看哪些项目被人们记住了且人气旺盛,去4chan看看就知道了。4chan:没有身份没有记忆的地方(PS:这样的网站少不了小黄图,被我马赛克掉了哈哈哈)它是一个完全匿名的网站,用户完全没有门槛,不用注册登录,几乎没有言论限制。每24小时自我刷新,没有任何的历史记录,很少有官方的管理。它对版面的内容数量也有限制,一旦版面的帖子超过一定的数量,旧的帖子就会被删除。因此网站上帖子的寿命不长,只有真正大家关心且不断发帖的内容,才会被留在网站上被发现。4chan在互联网还没有发达的2011年,月独立用户就达到了1800万。现在有21万用户同时在线(ps:4chan是一个国外的网站,需要翻墙才能访问)4chan的文化表情包的起源圣地:2007年7月17日的北美,在4chan上,一名无名氏网友用Windows画板画了一则粗矿简单的四格漫画。讲述一个人在蹲厕所时,会有水溅到屁股上,令其十分愤怒。这就是暴走漫画的起源,也是表情包的来源自由的代价:根据reddit的新闻报道,有约12%的虚假消息来自于4chan其中最出名包括2016年美国大选前希拉里的「披萨门」虐童事件,虽然4chan没有记忆,但是用户会在4chan上把谣言复制粘贴到美国最大的社交平台Twitter和Reddit,引发了病毒式的传播。而这一切,都是被臆想出来的故事。2014年的艳照门事件,大量的好莱坞女星的裸照被发布在4chan上,进而流入各大社交平台,席卷全球的互联网(当然除了中国,毕竟中国的互联网是乖孩子,看不到乌七八糟的东东)这样的谣言和私密的裸照在4chan上,伤害着无数无辜的人,但没有人为此而负责。这就是自由和监管最难以平衡的地方,也是未来每个区块链项目需要面临的问题。数字货币的人气榜:4chan中有一个Business&Finance的板块,充满着各种币圈项目的声音。据说原来是股市和房地产等金融消息渠道,这也说明了数字货币在国外的活跃程度对于数字货币的各种项目来说,4chan是规则最公平的晴雨表。一旦某个项目热度持续上升,这里就会出现相关的表情包,并病毒式地传播。如果项目没有亮点让网友无法关注,就会消亡地悄无声息,这里完美的诠释了物竞天择适者生存的自然法则。最近YFI、link、bat都曾在4chan火热过,在一个项目占据市场讨论的时候,几乎看不到其他项目的身影。在4chan经受过检验的项目,在创新和营销上都可以说是过关的了最近比特币突破40000美元,之前在4chan上一直都能看到它无处不在的身影编辑于 2021-01-16 09:40比特币 (Bitcoin)区块链(Blockchain)赞同 7012 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请
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n_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+104chan播报讨论上传视频外国综合型讨论区4chan是外国的综合型讨论区。4chan与高登讨论区相似,言论自由度很高,亦设有签名文件、头像等一般论坛功能。4chan在外国非常有名,更不时引起不同的重大事件(包括起底、网上欺凌等),故有“外国高登”之称。4chan是于2003年推出的一个仿双叶频道(2chan)风格、以ACGN相关讨论为主题的美国贴图论坛,原为分享图片和讨论日本动漫文化而建,现亦与英文互联网的次文化和运动相关,许多英文网络流行物也源由于此。由于该网站规范相对较少,故内容常引起争议,最著名的争议版面为“/b/”(Random,即随机版)。4chan的用户大部分以匿名身份发文,其机制与极具争议的文化也引起了美国与他国媒体的关注。4chan使用者遍布全球,但大部分来自于美国与欧洲。中文名外国的综合型讨论区。外文名4chan应用地区美国讨论主题动漫类 型网络论坛类目录1背景介绍▪名称▪历史▪moot2特点介绍3运营4主要影响背景介绍播报编辑4chan是一个完全匿名的实时消息论坛,它被认为是互联网上最简陋也最有创意的网站之一。创始人为克里斯托弗·普尔,于2003年模仿日本著名论坛2chan(双叶频道)创办的,旨在打造一个美国版的2chan。4chan最初是外国网民讨论动漫的讨论区。后来越来越多网民加入,最后演变成一综合讨论区。最初网站的内容也类似2chan以动画、漫画为主,但后来便渐渐加入了电影、创意、爱好等内容。而且由于是匿名的,所以网站上也有很多争议性的内容,比如访问流量最大的板块/b/版和/s/版都充斥着大量黄色内容。在很多人眼里,4chan已经沦为一个色情论坛了。 [1]名称4chan的名称源于日本ACGN贴图讨论站2chan(双叶频道)之名。具体来说,正如2chan可以读作Futaba(日语:双叶(ふたば);双叶)一样,4chan也可以读作Yotsuba(日语:四叶(よつば);四叶),而这正与日本动漫角色四叶妹妹的名字相一致。四叶妹妹也是4chan的吉祥物。历史4chan在2003年由一位来自纽约的网名为moot(真名则为克里斯托弗·普尔(Christopher Poole))的15岁学生创建(创建4chan之前,moot亦常参加Something Awful上的网络论坛版),其创立4chan时的目标就是建立一个美国版本的2chan,以作为贴图讨论日本动漫、同人、御宅文化的站点。moot原本使用2chan下载二次元图片的时候发现2chan的匿名发布机制非常有趣,便萌生出了创建一个类似英文网站的想法。在得到2chan网站的源代码之后,他使用AltaVista的Babelfish平台的在线翻译软件将源代码内的日文原文全部翻译成英文。创建时,4chan的贴图讨论版包括日本动漫版、随机版、H图片版、可爱二次元图片版和Yaoi版,而随着时间的推移,4chan的版块也有所增加,新增的版块包括体育、科技、照相、音乐、视频游戏、旅游、健身、政治、武器、科学与数学、Cosplay、料理与电影等等。现今网站上的版块有六大分类:日本文化,爱好,创意,18禁,其他,和杂项(18禁),其中访问流量最大的版面从多到少排序依次为/b/ (Random,随机版)、/v/ (Video games,视频游戏版)、/a/ (Anime and Manga,日本动漫版)和 /s/ (一个发黄片的18禁版)。 [2]据《洛杉矶时报》报道,4chan是网上流量最高的网站之一,其Alexa排名常保持在700左右,但有时候也能排到第56名。跟网上大部分的论坛版不一样的是,为了方便用户匿名发文,4chan并没有注册功能。用户也可以使用自订的名字,并以tripcode标识自己的身分。匿名用户发文的时候,用户的名字会显示成“Anonymous”(无名者),而大部分用户都会保持匿名,因而在4chan上的一般理解中,“Anonymous”所指的不是特定的某个人,而是一个用户群体。管理员一般情况下也不使用名字,而是也使用“Anonymous”发文。同样的,管理员可以用capcode认证自己,但是平时这种认证并无必要。在2011年NICONICO动画上的采访中,moot说4chan上大概有20个志愿管理员,每个版上亦有“janitor”(“清洁工”),专门负责删除违反规则的信息和图片。4chan有时也会遭受有针对性的分散式阻断服务攻击。如在2010年12月28日的攻击中,整个4chan网站被迫下线,而在这次事件中,moot在博客中写到,“现在我们跟MasterCard,Visa和PayPal等等同一等级了——(就是)一个专属俱乐部!”在2008年8月间,为把最大带宽吞吐量从100Mbps增加到1Gbps,moot把4chan的服务器从得克萨斯州运到加州。在2010年,4chan开始使用reCAPTCHA以防止来自JavaScript病毒的垃圾发文,而后在2011年11月4chan的服务器开始用CloudFlare联网软件来避免再度遭受分散式阻断服务攻击。在2012年05月,为提高客户端性能,所有的4chan贴图版都以HTML5/CSS3重构。 2012年9月5日,4chan网站开始提供所有贴图版的JSON API。在2012年8月,4chan的发帖总数突破10亿。 曾经在创建时,4chan的用户只包括来自Something Awful论坛网站的20来人——十年后,4chan在2013年每月有2250万独立访问者。 从2008年到2013年,访问数量增加了七倍。 根据管理员的数据,来自澳大利亚的访问者有全国人口1%人数。moot刚开始moot一直把自己的真实世界身份保密,只使用网名作标识。在2008年7月9日,《华尔街日报》披露moot的真名为克里斯托弗·普尔,同日,《时代杂志》发表了一篇记者采访,把moot描述为在网上内容协作的演变中的“一个重要人物”,但在当时,《华盛顿邮报》一篇文章则称“一切(只是)一场大骗局,一个意图引人注目的报道。这只是你们想从4chan的创建者得到的(说法)而已。”(all a big hoax, a 'gotcha.' It would be just what you'd expect from the creator of 4chan.),暗示“克里斯托弗·普尔”的身份也有可能是伪造的。在2009年3月,moot入围2009时代百大人物。在接受《华尔街日报》和《时代杂志》采访之前,moot一直刻意把自己的真实身份跟4chan相隔离,在《时代杂志》采访中,他也表示“我本人的私生活与我在网上的活动泾渭分明……就如中间有堵防火墙般。”moot当时也在耶鲁大学和麻省理工学院的会议上发过言,而在2008年一篇刊于《观察家报》的文章里则如此描述moot:“他是你们根本没有听说过的最有影响的网络实业家”。在2009年2月,《华盛顿邮报》报道称moot在弗吉尼亚联邦大学里上了几学期后就退学了,并在退学后一直与母亲同住,琢磨怎么利用4chan赚钱。 由于4chan的运行花费,moot欠了两万美元的债务。在2009年4月《时代杂志》主持的网上选举中,moot当选为2009年时代百大人物第一名。不过,主办者很快发现选举中有恶搞行为,即4chan用户用自动投票软件把moot推到了第一名。除此之外,前21名的第一字母还可以组合成一句话:“mARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME”,这正是4chan上两句流行语的组合。2009年9月12日,moot在奥地利维也纳的Paraflows座谈会发表了关于为什么4chan能产生很多网络潮流的演讲,并在演讲中将此归功于4chan的无名发表系统。2010年2月10日,moot在加利福尼亚州长滩参加了TED2010会议并发表演说,他在演讲中提到了现今保有固定的网络身份与在Facebook和Twitter等站点上分享自己的个人信息的风潮,并阐述了匿名发言对维护互联网隐私和言论自由的重要性。 巴西的《圣保罗州报》(葡萄牙语:O Estado de S. Paulo)报道称:“moot参与TED2010会议(这一事件)表明非同寻常的情况的发生……4chan的规则跟所有的网络公约相反:它处于谷歌、社交网站、博客的对立面。”在2010年4月,moot在美国诉大卫·科勒尔案(英语:United States of America v. David Kernell)审判中作为政府证人提供证词。 [3]作为证人,moot向检察官解释了4chan上所使用的术语,包括“OP”(楼主,也即“Original Poster/原发文者”的缩写)和“lurker”(中文称作潜水员)。moot也向法院解释他给美国联邦调查局的数据包括哪些内容,以及怎么用这些资料确定网站用户的身份。特点介绍播报编辑该社区最大的特点就是不许注册,直接匿名即可发布内容,这在引起很大争议的同时,也让4chan取得了巨大的成功。 [4]运营播报编辑4Chan网没有全职员工、没有程序开发人员也没有系统管理员,也就是说,这家每月浏览量高达2,000万人次的网站,仅仅是依靠普尔和一位兼职程序员单枪匹马地运营。4Chan仅靠5台服务器就维持了运营,而直到2012年8月才发布第一款应用程序界面(API)。在过去的9年中,4Chan网站出现的故障都是普尔自己的失误或是一些来自外界的不可控因素,比如遭到反对者发起的分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击。但很少出现软件或是硬件方面的故障。网站的维护费用极低,相同的页面都是以同样的方式呈现在用户面前。网页上的内容也没有存档,每隔24小时左右,4chan就会自动删除前一天所有的评论和图片。主要影响播报编辑2012年的6月4日至7月4日,网站上有全球2200万独立访客,页面浏览量高达6.2亿次,新增评论和帖子超过100万次。这个特立独行的网站,不仅受到了CNN的关注、创始人moot入选《时代》09年100位最具影响力人物,同时还经常搞出让人哭笑不得的事情。 [4]新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备1100000200004chan - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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1历史
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1.1克里斯托弗·普尔
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2.1/a/
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2.3/v/
2.4/jp/
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2.6其他
3互联网爆红
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4.1网络攻击
4.2暴力威胁
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4chan网站类型贴图讨论版语言英文持有者西村博之创始人克里斯托弗·普尔网址www.4chan.org商业性质是注册不需要推出时间2003年10月1日,20年前(2003-10-01)[1]
4chan是于2003年推出的一个仿双叶频道(2chan)风格、以ACG相关讨论为主题的美国贴图讨论版网站,原为分享图片和讨论日本动漫文化而建,现亦与英文互联网的次文化和运动相关,许多英文网络流行物也源由于此。此网站是匿名者和玩家门网络行动的起源,用户也曾引起各种著名网络攻击事件,该网站用户大部分以匿名身份发文,其机制与具争议的文化也引起了美国与他国媒体的关注[3][4]。
历史[编辑]
克里斯托弗·普尔
4chan在2003年由来自纽约的克里斯托弗·普尔(网名 “moot”)创建[5][6],其创立时的目标就是创建一个仿造美国版本的2chan,以作为贴图讨论日本动漫、同人、御宅族文化的站点。[7][8]克里斯托弗·普尔原本使用2chan下载二次元图片的时候发现匿名发布机制非常有趣,便萌生出了创建一个类似英文网站的想法。他在得到该网站的源代码之后使用AltaVista的Babelfish平台的在线翻译软件将源代码内的日文原文全部翻译成英文。[9][10]
创建时,4chan的贴图讨论版包括日本动漫版、随机版、H图片版、可爱二次元图片版和Yaoi版,而随着时间的推移,4chan的版块也有所增加,创建新的版块包括体育、科技、照相、音乐、电子游戏、旅游、健身、政治、武器、科学与数学、Cosplay、料理与电影等等。现今网站上的版块有六大分类:日本文化、爱好、创意、成人(18禁)、其他和杂项(18禁),其中访问流量最大的版面从多到少排序依次为/b/ (Random,随机版)、/v/ (Video games,电子游戏版)、/a/ (Anime and Manga,日本动漫版)和 /s/ (十八禁版);[9]据《洛杉矶时报》报道,4chan是网上流量最高的网站之一[11],其Alexa排名常保持在700左右[12],但有时候也能排到第56名[13]。跟大部分的网络论坛不一样的是,为了方便用户匿名发文,4chan并没有注册功能。[6][14]用户也可以使用自订的名字,并以tripcode标识自己的身份。[15]匿名用户发文的时候,用户的名字会显示成“Anonymous”(无名者),而大部分用户都会保持匿名,因而在4chan上的一般理解中,“Anonymous”所指的不是特定的某个人,而是一个用户群体[16]。管理员一般情况下也不使用名字,而是也使用“Anonymous”发文。同样的,管理员可以用capcode认证自己,但是平时这种认证并无必要。[17]在2011年NICONICO动画上的采访中,克里斯托弗·普尔曾说在4chan大概有20个志愿管理员[9],每个版上亦有“janitor”(清洁工),专门负责删除违反规则的消息和图片。[18]
4chan有时也会遭受有针对性的分布式拒绝服务攻击。如在2010年12月28日的攻击中,整个4chan网站被迫下线,而在这次事件中,克里斯托弗·普尔在博客中写到“现在我们跟MasterCard,Visa和PayPal等等同一等级了——(就是)一个专属俱乐部!”[19]
在2008年8月间,为把最大带宽吞吐量从100Mbps增加到1Gbps,克里斯托弗·普尔把4chan的服务器从得克萨斯州运到加州。2010年,4chan开始使用reCAPTCHA以防止来自JavaScript病毒的垃圾发文,而后在2011年11月4chan的服务器开始用CloudFlare联网软件来避免再度遭受分布式拒绝服务攻击。2012年5月,为提高客户端性能,所有的4chan贴图版都以HTML5/CSS3重构,并于8月时发帖总数突破10亿。[20][20]2012年9月5日,4chan网站开始提供所有贴图版的JSON API。[21][22][23]2014年4月起,4chan开始支持上传WebM格式的视频档,让用户分享3MB以下的短片。[24]
克里斯托弗·普尔在2015年1月21日从管理员职位辞职,[25]并在同年9月21日宣布把4chan卖给西村博之,但当时没公开网站买卖价格。[26][27][28]
克里斯托弗·普尔[编辑]
刚开始克里斯托弗·普尔一直把自己的真实世界身份保密,只使用网名作标识,直到在2008年7月9日《华尔街日报》才透露真名[5]。同日,《时代杂志》发表了一篇记者采访,把克里斯托弗·普尔描述为在网上内容协作的演变中的“一个重要人物”[29],但在当时《华盛顿邮报》一篇文章则称“一切(只是)一场大骗局,一个意图引人注目的报道。这只是你们想从4chan的创建者得到的(说法)而已。”(all a big hoax, a 'gotcha.' It would be just what you'd expect from the creator of 4chan.),暗示“克里斯托弗·普尔”的身份也有可能是伪造的。[30]在2009年3月,克里斯托弗·普尔入围时代百大人物[31]。
在接受《华尔街日报》和《时代杂志》采访之前,克里斯托弗·普尔一直刻意把自己的真实身份跟4chan相隔离,在《时代杂志》采访中,他也表示“我本人的私生活与我在网上的活动泾渭分明……就如中间有堵防火墙般。”[29]克里斯托弗·普尔当时也在耶鲁大学和麻省理工学院的会议上发过言[29],其中2008年一篇《观察家报》的文章里描述:“他是你们根本没有听说过的最有影响的网络实业家”[32][33]。
在2009年2月,《华盛顿邮报》报道称克里斯托弗·普尔在弗吉尼亚联邦大学里上了几学期后就退学了,并在退学后一直与母亲同住,欠下了2万美元的运行费用债务以琢磨4chan。[30]
在2009年4月《时代杂志》主持的网上选举中,克里斯托弗·普尔当选为2009年时代百大人物第一名。[34]不过,主办者很快发现选举中有恶搞行为,即4chan用户用自动投票软件把克里斯托弗·普尔推到了第一名。[35][36][37]除此之外,前21名的第一字母还可以组合成一句话:“MARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME”,这正是4chan上两句流行语的组合。[38]
2009年9月12日,克里斯托弗·普尔在奥地利维也纳的Paraflows座谈会发表了关于为什么4chan能产生很多网络潮流的演讲,并在演讲中将此归功于4chan的无名发表系统。[39][40]2010年2月10日,克里斯托弗·普尔在加利福尼亚州长滩参加了TED2010会议并发表演说,[41][42]他在演讲中提到了现今保有固定的网络身份与在Facebook和Twitter等站点上分享自己的个人信息的风潮,并阐述了匿名发言对维护互联网隐私和言论自由的重要性。[43]巴西的《圣保罗州报(英语:O Estado de S. Paulo)》报导称:“克里斯托弗·普尔参与TED2010会议的事件表明非同寻常的情况的发生……4chan的规则跟所有的网络公约相反:它处于谷歌、社交网站和博客的对立面。”[44]
2010年4月,克里斯托弗·普尔在美国诉大卫·科勒尔案(英语:United States of America v. David Kernell)审判中作为政府证人提供证词。[45]作为证人,克里斯托弗·普尔向检察官解释了4chan上所使用的术语,包括“OP”(楼主,也即“Original Poster/原发文者”的缩写)和“lurker”(中文称作潜水员),也向法院解释他给美国联邦调查局的数据包括哪些内容,以及怎么用这些资料确定网站用户的身份。[46]
分版[编辑]
/a/[编辑]
/a/版(Anime and Manga,日本动画与漫画)是4chan上专门讨论日本动漫文化的贴图版。[47]/a/的版民常讨论的内容有目前正播的日本动画、美少女塑料模型、共享漫画图片。/a/版是全4chan上最老的论坛。[9][10]在英文世界里的动画圈中,/a/版是非常有影响力的——版上偶尔出现过各样的轻小说作家来访问。[48][49]
/b/[编辑]
/b/版(Random,随机版)是4chan上最流行的贴图版,占据全网站30%的流量。网站推出时,/b/版是4chan第一个创建的贴图版,原始目标就是仿照2chan的“二次元里”版设计版块。[50][51]/b/版有一个“no rules”(没有规则)的方针:除了违法内容以外(如儿童色情物品和发垃圾邮件),什么都可以贴。 “no rules”方针所针对的也包括管理员的管理行为,也即用户亦可以在任何时候以任何理由——甚至没理由——被封禁。[46][52]在一次《纽约时报》的采访中,克里斯托弗·普尔表示在/b/版中:“版民的力量在于:以自己的标准来决定”,管理员只是担当平台提供者而已。[53]
/b/版的特点是错综复杂的内部笑话和黑色喜剧。[54]/b/版的用户自称“/b/tards”(/b/精神病人),[53]这是外来人往往难以理解的一种很特别的幽默感;而用户亦常把其他用户叫成“fags”(同性恋的家伙),[13]因而外来人容易把他们看成白目。[53][55]《纽约观察家》周刊把/b/的用户描述为“不成熟的恶作剧者,而网站的匿名与无存档机制也鼓励了他们的不良行为”。[56]Gawker(英语:Gawker)的尼克·道格拉斯甚至写道“看/b/会把你的大脑给融化掉……(/b/是)互联网的屁眼”(reading /b/ will melt your brain... the asshole of the Internets)[4]《联机》杂志则以“臭名昭著”(“notorious”)相称。[54]
/v/[编辑]
/v/版(Video Games,电子游戏)是讨论电脑与电子游戏的贴图版。[47]/v/上的管理员经常松懈,因此版民常常讨论无关的话题,一个由此派生出的很常见的/v/版玩笑是“/v/ never talks about video games(/v/版从不讨论电子游戏)”。[9]由于很多人因在/v/上帖关于口袋妖怪系列的信息而被其他版民骚扰,克里斯托弗·普尔在2010年新创建了专门讨论口袋妖怪的/vp/版,并于2012年将/v/版分割出一般讨论相关游戏系列专用的/vg/版。[57]
4chan许多的有名事件或网络爆红是从/v/开始的。[58][59]GamerGate事件刚开始在/v/启动,可是由于一些关于管理员的争议,大部分支持GamerGate的用户为了继续活动移到8chan。[60][61]从2011年开始,/vp/版开始制造一个滑稽模仿版本神奇宝贝游戏,叫做“Pokémon Sage”(神奇宝贝 下げ版)。[62]
/jp/[编辑]
雾雨魔理沙叫外来用户“滚出/jp/”。这图片常被转贴于/jp/。
/jp/主题曲2
/jp/版原创内容的一个例子。
播放此文件有问题?请参见媒体帮助。
/jp/版(Otaku Culture,日本御宅族文化)是讨论御宅族相关话题的贴图版。[47]在2008年前,有些人在/a/版常常贴关于东方Project,视觉小说和同人游戏的内容,由于这些话题跟动画漫画无关,大部分的/a/版民对此也有所抱怨。有鉴于此,克里斯托弗·普尔把/a/版分成两半:/a/版专门讨论动漫,/jp/讨论其他话题,并以“Japan/General”(日本/一般性讨论)为版名,[63]但后来/jp/版民又抱怨经常有外来人贴无关的日本社会内容,再将版名改成“Otaku Culture”。 /jp/版的话题有轻小说、视觉小说、美少女游戏、日本成人游戏、同人文化、东方Project、VOCALOID、同人游戏、同人音乐、同人志、美少女人形、NEET生活、隐蔽青年问题等等。[64]
4chan上众所周知/jp/版民经常对版外人有敌意。[65]/jp/版民为自己有一个较小的网络社区而自豪,因此如果有外来人发主题,版上的标准回应就是“get out of /jp/”(滚出/jp/)。/jp/的社区也发起过很多4chan以外的项目,如各种IRC频道及/jp/版讨论文件。[注 1]
/pol/[编辑]
/pol/版的标识。上书:政治不正确
/pol/版(Politics,政治)是讨论政治与新闻的贴图版。[47]刚开始这版本来在/n/,名为“News”(新闻版),但因版上大部分讨论与种族歧视有关,结果全版被克里斯托弗·普尔删除。在收到大量的骚扰邮件之后于/new/重建新闻版,并特地声明说若/new/再度成为一个种族歧视发言版,他会再度删版,结果因此/new/版在2011年1月又被删除。[66]可是在2011年8月21日,moot向当时的/new/版民道歉:他谈到他曾批评过标榜言论自由的Encyclopedia Dramatica一站的创建者,指其毫无预警就关闭网站的行为忽视社群并妨碍了言论自由,但这次却发现自己在/new/的事情上也犯了同样的错误——之后,moot于/pol/重建新闻版。[20][67]
许多的/pol/版民与当年的/new/版民有共同的特征,其倾向包括种族主义,种族歧视,反非洲人主义,反犹太主义,否认纳粹大屠杀,美国民族主义等等,因而/pol/版的许多话题与美国黑人犯罪率与犹太阴谋相关。虽然/pol/版民的政见繁杂,但总体来说右翼政治内容数量多,克里斯托弗·普尔也曾将/new/跟一个白人优越主义的网站——“风暴前线(英语:Stormfront (website))”相提并论。[66]
各种西方媒体,例如《华盛顿邮报》曾经把/pol/形容成一个种族歧视或性别歧视的论坛,而且也包含新纳粹主义的情绪。[68][69][70][71]南方贫困法律中心认为各种白人优越主义网站经常仿真/pol/版的特制谈话风格——其中的《每日风暴(英语:The Daily Stormer)》也承认这一点。[69]2012年特雷沃恩·马丁命案时,一些黑客把特雷沃恩的社会媒体账户信息在/pol/上公开。[72][73]版民也曾经引起过各种反阿拉伯,反女权和反跨性别的Twitter运动。[70][74][75]
其他[编辑]
版块
全名
简介[47][76]
/c/
Anime/Cute
可爱二次元图片版
/d/
Hentai/Alternative
非主流H图片版。图片内容有触手攻击与扶他那里等等。 18禁。
/e/
Ecchi
エッチ图片版。图片有黄色内容,但无性交。 18禁。
/f/
Flash
Adobe Flash版
/g/
Technology
科技版,讨论电脑电器的贴图版。
/gif/
Adult GIF
成人动画GIF图片版。18禁。
/h/
Hentai
H图片版。 18禁。
/hr/
High Resolution
高清晰度图像版
/k/
Weapons
讨论武器与军事的贴图版。
/m/
Mecha
机甲动漫版
/o/
Automobiles
汽车版
/p/
Photography
照相版
/r/
Request
请求版。请求内容包括图片和下载链接。
/s/
Sexy Beautiful Women
无露骨内容的女性图片版。 18禁。
/t/
Torrents
BT版
/u/
Yuri
百合图片版。 18禁。
/vg/
Video Game Generals
电子游戏(一般性讨论)版
/vr/
Retro Games
复古电子游戏版
/w/
Wallpapers
桌面壁纸版
/wg/
Wallpapers/General
桌面壁纸(非日本动漫)版
/i/
Oekaki
网上描绘版
/ic/
Artwork/Critique
艺术品批判版
/r9k/
ROBOT9001
“机器人九千一版”。这个贴图版有使用xkcd的ROBOT9001程序脚本。版上什么内容都可以贴,可是必须是原始内容。如果脚本发现用户提交的内容复制自他人文章,则会拒绝发送。
/s4s/
Shit 4chan Says
“4chan废文版”。一个留废文的玩笑版。名称来自Reddit的“Shit Reddit Says”讨论区。
/cm/
Cute/Male
可爱二次元男孩图片版
/hm/
Handsome Men
男人图片版。 18禁。
/lgbt/
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender
女同性恋,男同性恋,双性恋与变性版
/y/
Yaoi
Yaoi版
/3/
3DCG
三维计算机图形版
/adv/
Advice
求建议版
/an/
Animals & Nature
动物与自然界版
/asp/
Alternative Sports
另类体育活动版
/biz/
Business & Finance
商业与金融版
/cgl/
Cosplay & EGL
Cosplay版
/ck/
Food & Cooking
食物与料理版
/co/
Comics & Cartoons
美国漫画与动画片(卡通)版
/diy/
Do-It-Yourself
自作创意项目版
/fa/
Fashion
时尚版
/fit/
Health & Fitness
健康健身版
/gd/
Graphic Design
平面设计版
/hc/
Hardcore
发有渗透性交的黄片版。 18禁。
/int/
International
国际版,世界文化交流的贴图版。在/int/上每人发的内容都显示用户IP地址的国旗,为了确认所有用户的来源。
/lit/
Literature
文学版
/mlp/
Pony
小马宝莉:友谊就是魔法版
/mu/
Music
音乐版
/n/
Transportation
运输版。内容包括火车与飞机。
/out/
Outdoors
户外世界版
/po/
Papercraft & Origami
折纸版
/sci/
Science & Math
科学与数学版
/soc/
Social
社交版
/sp/
Sport
体育版
/tg/
Traditional Games
棋盘游戏版
/toy/
Toys
玩具版
/trv/
Travel
旅游版
/tv/
Television & Film
电视剧与电影版
/vp/
Pokémon
口袋妖怪系列版
/wsg/
Worksafe GIF
动画GIF图片(非成人内容)版
/x/
Paranormal
超自然现象版[注 2]
/rs/
Rapidshares
下载联机版
已被删除的贴图版包括:
/g/ (旧) - Guro:猎奇版。2004年11月因为法律问题被删除。[77]
/l/ - Lolikon:萝莉控版。[78]2003年11月被克里斯托弗·普尔创建,2004年10月因法律问题被删除。[79]
/q/ - 4chan Discussion:网站事务讨论版。2012年8月建起,2013年9月被删除。[80]
/z/ - 一个没有意义的秘密白目玩笑版。[81]
互联网爆红[编辑]
瑞克摇:瑞克摇摆的来源是4chan的/v/版,出现于2007年5月。[82]恶搞者将歌手理查德·艾斯利唱的1987年歌曲《Never Gonna Give You Up》(永远不会放弃你)的音乐视频链接贴在版面上,并谎称此视频与主题有关,结果受害者点击该链接后会到达错的视频。[46]2008年之后,这网络潮流在许多其他网站也流行起来,[83]结果得到主流媒体关注。[84]《洛杉矶时报》有报告这个网络爆红现象,在采访理查德·艾斯利的时候,他说他认为这种玩笑“又奇怪,又可笑”。[3][85]
巧克力雨:一个YouTube音乐视频在/b/版粘贴之后在全网上便流行。大量的/b/用户不断提升泰·桑迪的歌《Chocolate Rain》(巧克力雨)在YouTube上的排名。视频中的一句“I move away from the mic to breathe in”(我喘气的时候离麦克风远一点)成为一个网络流行语。[86][87][88]
Pedo熊:/b/版用户创造的恋童癖吉祥物。原来的外形来自一个2chAA绘图人物,它的基本模样被改装之后成为了一个新人物。[89]
波兰球:来自美国4chan和德国Krautchan两不同网站的/int/版,用来拟人化全球各种国家。[90]
暴走漫画:2007年起源于4chan,在Reddit上变流行,然后发展到许多其他网站。[91]
Nice boat:关于日本动画《School Days》的最终回因为2007年9月的京田边警官杀害事件停播[92],一个用户在/a/版写了一句“Nice boat”(好船)嘲笑电视台代替播放的风景节目,此后这句话在各个日本网站成为爆红流行语。[93][94]
SCP基金会︰一个有关于超常现象的虚构作品集。第一篇真正意义上SCP基金会的文章在/x/版发布,该文章启发了更多SCP文章的出现,其后SCP爱好者创建了一个独立的wiki来处理有关于SCP基金会的事项。[95]
争议与媒体关注[编辑]
网络攻击[编辑]
据《华盛顿邮报》称,“在互联网历史中,4chan的用户干了最引人注目的集体行动”。[96]
4chan用户“袭击”了哈尔·特纳(英语:Hal Turner)——一个秉持白人民族主义并否认纳粹大屠杀的博客作者,他的网站遭遇DDoS攻击,主持的广播节目也经常受到恶作剧电话干扰。为此特纳起诉4chan和一些其他网站,但是没成功。[97]
在2007年7月26日,美国KTTV Fox 11电视台(英语:KTTV)广播了一个关于Anonymous的报告,称之为“用了合成代谢类固醇的黑客”(hackers on steroids),“国内恐怖分子”(domestic terrorists)和“互联网仇恨机器”(Internet hate machine)。[98]
2008年,莎拉·佩林的私人Yahoo电子邮箱账号密码被一个4chan /b/版用户破解,[99]并被贴在/b/上。[100]之后,另一个/b/用户把密码改变了,然后发了截图,证明他使用佩林的email账号发送邮件给佩林的朋友,告诉他佩林的账号被破解,而这个用户没有把密码从截图去掉,[101]结果之后许多/b/用户使用新密码尝试登录,然而账号却已自动被Yahoo系统封锁了。[102]事件发生后,美国FBI和特勤局对此展开调查。[103]此即美国诉大卫·科勒尔案。
2008年10月,CNN的iReport网站发布了一条史蒂夫·乔布斯心脏病发作的假消息,结果导致苹果公司股票急剧下滑,而情报起源追踪的结果表明这一消息源于4chan。[104][105]
2010年9月,一些4chan匿名用户对美国电影协会与美国唱片业协会进行了一次大范围的分布式拒绝服务攻击,以报复一些电影业公司对海盗湾网站的网络攻击行为。[106][107][108][109]
2012年8月31日,由于被一些4chan用户在Twitter上以发他们自己的阴茎照片的方式骚扰,日本声优喜多村英梨宣布停用Twitter账号。[110]事件的起因是动画心连·情结的导演山中隆弘在该动画的先行上映会上的一次恶作剧——这次恶作剧中男声优市来光弘受到羞辱。[111]而在发现喜多村英梨和山中隆弘两人之间有浪漫关系后,为市来光弘感到不平的4chan用户为了报仇便开始鼓动所有人在她的Twitter上发阴茎照片。[110]
2014年8月,一些互联网用户揭露了游戏媒体中的腐败丑闻事件,要点关于女性游戏开发商佐伊·奎因(英语:Zoe Quinn)和游戏记者通奸的指控。[112][113]根据指控,佐伊和某些电子游戏新闻网站的记者进行性交,目的为得到好评价的文章,因此引起利益冲突问题。[114]经过进一步调查,互联网用户发现她跟各种游戏开发商也为了特别的优惠进行性交,其中包括她的雇主(一位已婚男士)。[115]关于这事件佐伊表示她认为4chan的/v/版在针对她因为她是女权主义者,受到过大量来自4chan用户的骚扰和仇恨言论在网络上,也表示这事件是一种厌恶女人的网络攻击。某些网络媒体用“GamerGate”(游戏玩家门)描述此次游戏产业丑闻事件。[116][117]
同月,电子游戏独立开发者菲尔·费舍(英语:Phil Fish)声称他受到4chan /v/用户的黑客攻击,并且他本人大量的私人和公司敏感信息被透露。[118]不过,客观证据和他所讲的故事有矛盾,黑客的真实身份也不能确认来自/v/——有些怀疑论者认为所谓的黑客攻击其实是费舍自取的假旗行动用来责怪/v/,由于事件中各种可疑的漏洞。[119][120]
暴力威胁[编辑]
2006年10月18日,美国国土安全部向国家橄榄球联盟官员警告称恐怖分子可能在体育场使用脏弹。[121]情报源为/b/版上一条威胁信息,该信息称在10月22日(赖买丹月最后一天)一些体育场将遭袭。[122]最后球赛仍未取消,但体育场方面为此仍派遣了大量保安以保证安全。[123]而后在10月20日,一个男子杰克·布拉姆向当局自首,然后由于谎称恐怖袭击的行为而被指控。[124]2008年2月28日,布拉姆在审判中认罪。6月5日,他被判处6个月监禁,6月软禁,并需支付26750美元罚款。[125]
2007年9月11日午夜,一个学生贴出一些照片,其中有他本人扛着(假)炸弹的场景。[126]他在信息里威胁要炸自己所在的美国德州普弗拉热维尔中学:
“
Hello, /b/.
On September 11, 2007, at 9:11 A.M. Central time, two pipe bombs will be remote-detonated at Pflugerville High School.
Promptly after the blast, I, along with two ther[sic] Anonymous, will charge the building, armed with a Bushmaster AR-15, IMI Galil AR, a vintage, government-issue M1 .30 Carbine, and a Benelli M4 semi auto shotgun.
你好,/b/。
在美洲中部时间2007年9月11日早上9点11分,两个炸弹会在普弗拉热维尔中学被遥控引爆。炸完之后,我和两位“无名者”会冲进学校,并以一把Bushmaster(英语:Bushmaster Firearms International)的AR-15、一把IMI Galil AR、一把旧式军用M1 .30卡宾枪及一把伯奈利M4半自动猎枪作为武装。
”
——威胁信息
其他4chan用户在照片里的exif数据发现这个人的父亲的姓名,然后报警,[127]于是在开学前这位学生被警察抓捕,[128][129][130][131]结果发现这一事件是恶作剧,因为这位学生本就没有武器炸药,照片里的所有东西全是玩具。[132]
2007年12月8日,一个来自澳大利亚墨尔本的20岁男子贾里德·威利斯被警方抓获,之前他在4chan上写“我想开枪打死很多人,一直到我被打死为止”。[133]但这位男子在调查时(判刑之前)就已死亡。[134]
2009年2月4日,在/b/版上有人写在瑞典埃斯基尔斯蒂纳会有校园枪击案,[135]结果1250学生和50老师被疏散。[136]根据4chan给警察的IP地址调查之后,一位21岁男子被警方抓获。据警方透露,嫌疑人当日所作一切全是玩笑,而警方也没有发现任何证据能证明威胁是真实的。[137]
匿名者[编辑]
匿名者成员戴着盖伊·福克斯面具
《巴尔的摩市报(英语:Baltimore City Paper)》指责4chan是匿名者的发源地,[13]美国《全国邮报(英语:National Post)》也认为匿名者跟4chan和一些IRC频道有关系。[138]匿名者被广泛报导跟黑客行动和公众抗议有关系。根据匿名者的交往,4chan也跟Project Chanology(英语:Project Chanology)—— 一个全世界反山达基教会(科学教)活动组织——有关联。[13][139]
其他事件[编辑]
2012年2月17日,FBI以持有儿童色情物品的指控逮捕了绍斯菲尔德的一名男子赛迪斯·麦克迈克尔(Thaddeus McMichael)。[140]根据FBI的刑事指控,其所持有的部分违法儿童色情图片是从/b/版获取的。[141]
2014年8月31日,100名欧美明星裸体照片由于iCloud系统安全受到损害而被泄露,大量照片被上传在4chan上。[142]
2017年2月,为了讽刺自由主义者,4chan上开始流行传播“OK手势代表白人至上主义”的谣言。后来该谣言越传越大,导致西方大部分民众都认为“OK手势代表白人至上主义”是真实的[143],例如基督城清真寺枪击案中的凶手在出庭时就做出OK手势[144],而暴雪也在2019年4月就禁止OWL的粉丝在直播中做OK手势[145]。
ISP屏蔽[编辑]
2009年7月26日,美国AT&T于当日零时把img.4chan.org屏蔽,4chan用户当时认为AT&T在进行互联网审查,表达大量敌意。[146][147]而在7月27日,AT&T发表声明表示这件事是一个意外。[148]
2012年9月18日,4chan开始卖年票(4chan Pass),定价为一张20美元。[149]拥有年票的用户发言时不必输入reCAPTCHA验证码,且会被加入ISP禁言豁免名单(意指如该用户使用的ISP在禁言名单内,用户也一样可以发言)。[150]
参见[编辑]
互联网主题
2chan
2ch
Komica
片轮少女
注释[编辑]
^ 4chan的/a/版与/jp/版有站外的自动讨论文件,存档网址为这里 (Foolz)和这里 (Warosu)。这些文件网站全由版民自行创建,跟4chan的员工无关。许多4chan贴图版存档站使用基于Perl的开源软件fuuka(Yotsuba archiver)或其派生软件抓取页面进行存档,如foolz存档站所用即是基于PHP的fuuka派生软件FoOlFuuka。fuuka软件起初是为easymodo文件网站编写的(此网站已停止运行);关于文件网站的历史,请看这里。
^ 西方人喜欢用“x”代表未知事物。这源于法国哲学家和数学家勒内·笛卡尔喜欢用“x”代表未知数的习惯。科技名词“X染色体”和“X射线”的命名由来与之相同。
参考文献[编辑]
^ moot. Welcome. 4chan. 2003-10-01 [2008-08-02].
^ 4chan.org Site Info. Alexa Internet. [2018-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-16).
^ 3.0 3.1 Sean Michaels. Taking the Rick. 伦敦: 卫报. 2008-03-19 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-27) (英语).
^ 4.0 4.1 Nick Douglas. What The Hell Are 4chan, ED, Something Awful, And "b"?. Gawker(英语:Gawker). 2008-01-18 [2008-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-24) (英语).
^ 5.0 5.1 Jamin Brophy-Warren. Modest Web Site Is Behind a Bevy of Memes. 华尔街日报. 2008-07-09 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-08-29) (英语).
^ 6.0 6.1 Jerry Langton. Funny how `stupid' site is addictive. Toronto Star. 2007-09-22 [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-22) (英语).
^ Danny O'Brien. Tuning into innovation outside the confines of English-speaking web. 爱尔兰时报. 2008-05-02 [2009-01-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
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^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 西村博之, moot. 4chムート x ひろゆきのトークセッション「ソーシャルメディアってなぁに?」 (ID: 57271090). Niconico动画. 2011年7月27日 [2012年3月17日]. (原始内容存档于2014年8月31日) (日语).
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^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Chris Landers. Serious Business. 巴尔的摩市报(英语:Baltimore City Paper). 2008-03-02 [2008-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-08) (英语).
^ FAQ – How do I post anonymously?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – How do I use a "tripcode"?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – Who is "Anonymous"?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – What is a capcode?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
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^ Web attack takes Anonymous activists offline. 英国广播公司新闻. 2010-12-29 [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-30) (英语).
^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 moo. BEYOND ONE BILLION. 4chan News. 2012-08-06 (英语).
^ moot. JOINING THE FUTURE, ONE COMMIT AT A TIME. 4chan News. 2012-09-05 (英语).
^ Josh Constine. The Future Of Memes: 4chan Hits 22M Monthlies, Unveils New API. TechCrunch. 2012-09-05 [2012-09-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-07) (英语).
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^ Mike Isaac. 4chan Message Board Sold to Founder of 2Channel, a Japanese Web Culture Pioneer. 纽约时报. 2015-09-21 [2015-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-01) (英语).
^ Lauren Orsini. How The 4chan Sale Returns The Controversial Forum To Its Anime Roots. 福布斯. 2015-09-21 [2015-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-21) (英语).
^ Doug Bolton. Christopher 'Moot' Poole sells anarchic imageboard 4chan to 2channel owner Hiroyuki Nishimura. 独立报. 2015-09-21 [2015-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-22) (英语).
^ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Grossman, Lev. The Master of Memes. 时代 172 (3) (United States). 2008-07-09: 50–51 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-24) (英语).
^ 30.0 30.1 Hesse, Monica. A Virtual Unknown; Meet 'Moot,' the Secretive Internet Celeb Who Still Lives With Mom. 华盛顿邮报. 2009-02-17: 23–24 [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-25) (英语).
^ moot - The 2009 TIME 100 Finalists. 时代. 2009-03-19 [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-25) (英语).
^ David Smith. The 20-year-old at heart of web's most anarchic and influential site. 伦敦: 观察家报. 2008-07-20 [2008-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-23) (英语).
^ Cohen, Stefanie. Grosses and ’Nets. 纽约邮报. 2009-02-22: 25 [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-23) (英语).
^ The World's Most Influential Person Is.... 时代. 2009-04-27 [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-26) (英语).
^ Heater, Brian. 4Chan Followers Hack Time's 'Influential' Poll. PC Magazine. 2009-04-27 [2009-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-30) (英语).
^ Schonfeld, Erick. 4Chan Takes Over The Time 100. 华盛顿邮报. 2009-04-21 [2009-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-10) (英语).
^ moot wins, Time Inc. loses « Music Machinery. Musicmachinery.com. 2009-04-27 [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-03) (英语).
^ Reddit Top Links. Marble Cake Also the Game [PIC]. BuzzFeed. [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-15) (英语).
^ Paraflows 09, Program for Saturday, Sep 12 2009. Paraflows.at. [2010-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-11) (德语).
^ Herwig, Jana. Partial transcript: Moot on 4chan and why it works as a meme factory. Digiom Blog. 2010-04-06 [2010-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2010-04-13) (英语).
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^ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Transcript of Chris Poole before the Honorable Thomas W. Phillips on April 22, 2010 (PDF). 美国诉大卫·科勒尔案,美国地方法院田纳西州东区北科. 2010-04-22 [2011-10-29]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-08-20) (英语).
^ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 4chan rules: Image Boards. 4chan (英语).
^ Log Horizon Creator Holds Q&A on 4Chan's /a/ Board. Anime News Network. 2013-12-08 [2020-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-31) (英语).
^ "Log Horizon" Author Returns to 4Chan. Crunchyroll. 2013-12-08 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-16) (英语).
^ Sorgatz, Rex. An Interview With The Founder of 4chan. Fimoculous.com. 2009-02-18 [2009-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-10) (英语).
^ moot. /b/. 4chan. 2008-07-11 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-30) (英语).
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^ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Schwartz, Mattathias. The Trolls Among Us. 纽约时报. 2008-08-03: 24 [2009-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-07) (英语).
^ 54.0 54.1 Julian Dibbell. Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers. 连线. 2008-01-18 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-08) (英语).
^ Jonathan Kay. You'll miss us when we're gone. National Post. 2008-08-06 [2008-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-05) (英语).
^ Jeffries, Adrianne. From the Creator of 4chan Comes the More Mature Canvas. 纽约观察家. 2011-01-31 [2011-02-07]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-04) (英语).
^ moot !Ep8pui8Vw2. Introducing /vg/ - Video Game Generals. 4chan /v/ (文件在foolz). 2012-02-16 [2012-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-04) (英语).
^ Spencer Hart. Everything You Need to Know About the Rickroll – The Internet's Favourite Prank. Gizmodo. 2015-02-06 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-08) (英语). May 2007 brought the first known instance of 'Rickrolling'. In 4chan's video game forum, /v/, a user posted a mirror-link to the first Grand Theft Auto IV trailer
^ Johannah King-Slutzky. The Secret of the Bro. The Awl. 2015-02-20 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-07) (英语). The brofist was eventually popularized on /v/, 4Chan’s videogames sub, where... people say the phrase ‘PUT UP YOUR BROFIST.’ to act like they have a ‘network’ of friends
^ Erik Kain. GamerGate: A Closer Look At The Controversy Sweeping Video Games. 福布斯. 2014-09-04 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-05) (英语).
^ Chen, Adrian. Gamergate Supporters Partied at a Strip Club This Weekend. 纽约杂志. 2014-10-27 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-01) (英语).
^ 4chan’s Project Pokémon Sage and Why You Should Be Playing It. DualShockers. 2014-06-25 [2014-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-29) (英语).
^ moot !Ep8pui8Vw2. RE: /a/ vs. /jp/ (Screencap of /a/ post No.9743814). 2008-02-20 [2012-06-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-14).
^ Anonymous ## Mod (4chan管理员). No.9549154 - /jp/ ("The new guidelines of what is acceptable on /jp/" sticky). 4chan (文件在foolz). 2012-08-10 (英语). [永久失效链接] (warosu文件)
^ /jp/ Guidelines. [2012-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-17) (英语).
^ 66.0 66.1 moot. Why were /r9k/ and /new/ removed?. 2011-01-19 [2012-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-20) (英语).
^ moot !Ep8pui8Vw2. Welcome back, robots. 4chan /r9k/. (WebCite archive). 2011-10-23 [2012-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-11) (英语).
^ Absolutely everything you need to know to understand 4chan, the Internet’s own bogeyman. 华盛顿邮报. 2014-09-25 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-22) (英语).
^ 69.0 69.1 Dylann Roof, 4chan, and the New Online Racism. The Daily Beast. 2015-06-29 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-15) (英语).
^ 70.0 70.1 #EndFathersDay is the work of 4chan, not feminists. The Daily Dot. 2014-10-08 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-29) (英语).
^ 4chan Trolls Take Over Electronic Billboard, Racism Ensues. Vocativ. 2014-12-07 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-11) (英语).
^ White Supremacist Claims to Have Hacked Trayvon Martin’s Email, Social Media Accounts. 纽约客. 2012-03-29 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-22) (英语).
^ Bloggers Cherry-Pick From Social Media to Cast Trayvon Martin as a Menace. 纽约时报. 2012-03-29 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-11) (英语).
^ What the Internet's Most Infamous Trolls Tell Us About Online Feminism. Vice媒体. 2014-06-20 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-31) (英语).
^ Trolls Are Paying Twitter to Promote Hate Speech — And There's Nothing Stopping Them. Mic. 2015-05-20 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-21) (英语).
^ Stryker, Cole. Epic Win for Anonymous: How 4chan's Army Conquered the Web. 纽约: The Overlook Press. 2011 [2015-09-16]. ISBN 9781590207383. (原始内容存档于2015-09-23) (英语).
^ moot. WAHO!. 4chan. 2003-09-10 [2011-10-29] (英语).
^ moot. UPDATE. 4chan. 2003-08-11 [2011-10-29] (英语).
^ 4chan history. Jonathan's Reference Pages (英语).
^ 4Chan's Moot writes rare update after billionth post, opens new /q/ board for site discussion. The Verge. 2012-08-06 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-04) (英语).
^ 4chan. Everything Shii Knows. [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-20) (英语).
^ The Biggest Little Internet Hoax on Wheels Hits Mainstream. 福克斯新闻频道. 2008-04-22 [2008-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-22) (英语).
^ Rick Roll related Google Trends. Google Trends. Google. [2008-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-22).
^ Williams, Andy. You've been tRicked. Wigan Today. Johnston Press Digital Publishing. 2007-06-16 [2008-04-01]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-26) (英语).
^ David Sarno. Web Scout exclusive! Rick Astley, king of the 'Rickroll,' talks about his song's second coming. 洛杉矶时报. 2008-05-25 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-26) (英语).
^ Ricketson, Matthew. YouTube research shows picture is changing rapidly. 世纪报 (墨尔本). 2008-07-16 [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-20) (英语).
^ Mathew Ingram. Who is Tay Zonday?. 环球邮报. 2007-08-15 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-18) (英语).
^ Garth Montgomery. Chocolate Rain goes huge. 每日电讯报 (news.com.au). 2007-08-01 [2008-07-14] (英语).
^ Kelly, Jon. The strange virtual world of 4chan. 英国广播公司新闻. 2010-08-31 [2010-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-06) (英语).
^ Wojciech Orliński(英语:Wojciech Orliński). Wyniosłe lol zaborców, czyli Polandball. Gazeta Wyborcza. 2010-01-16 [2012-03-25]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-01) (波兰语).
^ 没看过暴走漫画,你就OUT了!. 凤凰网. 2012-05-12 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-05) (中文(中国大陆)).
^ Last School Days Episode Preempted by Real-Life Crime. Anime News Network. 2007-09-20 [2012-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2008-11-19) (英语).
^ Nice boat. Hatena. [2012-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-18) (日语).
^ Nice Boat.. Know Your Meme. [2012-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-12-29) (英语).
^ The SCP Foundation contains and reports on the horrors of the Internet. The Daily Dot. 2014-01-09 [2018-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-22) (美国英语).
^ Cha, Ariana Eunjung. 4chan users seize Internet's power for mass disruptions. 华盛顿邮报. 2010-08-10 [2010-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-11) (英语).
^ Harold C. "Hal" Turner v. 4chan.org. Justia 联邦地区法庭文件. 2007-01-19 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-20) (英语).
^ FOX 11 Investigates: 'Anonymous'. MyFOX Los Angeles. KTTV (福克斯广播公司). 2007-07-26 [2007-08-11]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-22) (英语).
^ Ted Bridis. Hackers claim break-in to Palin's e-mail account. 美联社. 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-08) (英语).
^ Tom Phillips. Sarah Palin's email gets hacked. Metro (英国报纸)(英语:Metro (British newspaper)). 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-20) (英语).
^ M. J. Stephey. Sarah Palin's E-mail Hacked. 时代. 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-19) (英语).
^ David Sarno. 4Chan's half-hack of Palin's email goes awry. 洛杉矶时报. 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-07) (英语).
^ Steve Bosak. Suspect Nabbed in Palin E-mail Hack. NewsFactor. 2008-09-20 [2008-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-04) (英语).
^ Sandoval, Greg. Who's to blame for spreading phony Jobs story?. CNET新闻. 2008-10-04 [2009-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-28) (英语).
^ Cheng, Jacqui. Friday Apple links: Steve Jobs still not dead edition. Ars Technica. 2008-10-03 [2009-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-09) (英语).
^ 網上示威 攻擊唱片業協會. 东方日报. 2010年9月22日 [2012年9月2日]. (原始内容存档于2016年3月5日) (中文(香港)).
^ Singh, Divyesh. Bollywood hiring cyber hitmen to combat piracy. Daily News & Analysis. 2010-09-05 [2012-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-25) (英语).
^ Saetang, David. RIAA, MPAA Websites Pummeled By 4chan’s Wrath. PC World. 2010-09-20 [2011-10-29]. (原始内容存档于2011-11-13) (英语).
^ 4chan Attack Brings Down MPAA Website. Gawker(英语:Gawker). 2010-09-18 [2011-10-29]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-22) (英语).
^ 110.0 110.1 被外国网友发不雅照 喜多村英梨宣布停用推特. 新浪网. 2012年9月1日 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-05) (中文(中国大陆)).
^ Anime Practical Joke Goes Over The Line And Incites Mass Flaming. Kotaku. 2012-08-30 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-02) (英语).
^ GamerGate: Misogyny or corruption in the gaming community?. 半岛电视台. 2014-09-03 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ How Zoe Quinn Screwed Her Way Through The Video Game Industry. Return of Kings. 2014-08-21 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ No, Zoe Quinn's Sexual Affairs Aren't a "Private Matter". Talking Ship. 2014-08-19 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-06) (英语).
^ The Zoe Quinn Controversy: Just the Facts. 8CN. 2014-08-19 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ Exclusive: 4Chan and Quinn Respond to Gamergate Chat Logs. The Escapist. 2014-09-07 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-10) (英语).
^ Gamergate: the community is eating itself but there should be room for all. 卫报. 2014-09-03 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-16) (英语).
^ 4chan hacks and doxes Zoe Quinn's biggest supporter. The Daily Dot. 2014-08-22 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06) (英语).
^ Zoe Quinn, Phil Fish and the Great Social Justice Swindle. Matt Forney. 2014-08-25 (英语). [永久失效链接]
^ Phil Fish and Polytron allegedly doxxed. Continue Play. 2014-08-22 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ Chris Dolmetsch, David Voreacos. Wisconsin Man Is Charged in Fake NFL Stadium Threats. 彭博新闻社. 2006-10-20 [2006-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ Roy Mark. Man Charged in Internet Bomb Threats. InternetNews.com. 2006-10-20 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-29) (英语).
^ Pierre Thomas. NFL Stadium Threat: Officials Skeptical But Issue Warning. ABC新闻. 2006-10-16 [2008-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-13) (英语).
^ Ronald Smothers. Man, 20, Arrested in Stadium Threat Hoax. 纽约时报. 2006-10-20 [2007-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-12) (英语).
^ Sharon Gaudin. Man gets six months for posting terror threat online. Computerworld. 2008-06-16 [2008-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-12) (英语).
^ 4chanarchive — Thread 39101047. 4chanarchive.com. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-05) (英语).
^ 4chanarchive — Thread 39168208. 4chanarchive.com. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-02-21) (英语).
^ Pflugerville Student Arrested After Posting Bomb Threats. KXAN-TV. 2007-09-12 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2007-10-11) (英语).
^ Police Investigate Bomb Threat at Pflugerville High School. 福克斯广播公司. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-10) (英语).
^ Teen arrested for threatening to blow up school. Twean News Channel of Austin, L.P. d.b.a. News 8 Austin. 2007-09-11 [2012-02-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-24) (英语).
^ Juvenile arrested in Pflugerville H.S. bomb threat. KVUE. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-06) (英语).
^ Letter from Pflugerville Highschool. Pflugerville High School. [2008-09-11] (英语). [永久失效链接]
^ Hudson, Fiona; Houlihan, Liam. Student faces jail over online joke. Herald Sun(英语:Herald Sun) (新闻集团). 2007-12-09 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-06) (英语).
^ Shaun Davies. Mall massacre hoax accused dies. ninemsn. 2008-07-31 [2008-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2008-08-05) (英语).
^ Sivesson, Sara. Hemsidan som chockar "vuxen-Sverige". realtid.se (Alternativ Media Stockholm AB). 2009-02-04 [2009-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-06) (瑞典语).
^ Sæby, Inger-Marit. Svensk skole evakueres etter trusler. Verdens Gang. 2009-02-04 [2009-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-05) (挪威语).
^ Young man arrested over school threat. The Local / Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå. 2009-02-04 [2009-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-05) (英语).
^ David George-Cosh. Online group declares war on Scientology. National Post. 2008-01-25 [2008-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-03) (英语).
^ Parmy Olson. 4Chan创始人:悼念死去的“互联网文化”. 福布斯中文网. 2012-12-21 [2013-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-27) (中文(中国大陆)).
^ Tresa Baldas. Man, 21, posts bond in child porn case over Facebook postings. Detroit Free Press. 2012-03-02 [2012-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-12) (英语).
^ 刑事申訴, United States of America v. THADDEUS LEWIS MCMICHAEL (PDF). (案件卷宗 1, 2), 美国地方法院密歇根东区 (9页), 2012-02-29 备案
^ Jennifer Lawrence, Kate Upton, Ariana Grande Among Celebrities Exposed in Massive Nude Photo Leak. 综艺. [2014-09-03]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-03) (英语).
^ 新西兰枪击案犯打“白人至上”手势,该赖特朗普?. new.qq.com. [2019-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-11).
^ 网易. 新西兰枪击案嫌犯比. news.163.com. 2019-03-16 [2019-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-11).
^ 《鬥陣特攻》不准比「OK」!官方禁止OWL粉絲使用白人至上手勢 | 電競. 新头壳 Newtalk. 2019-04-06 [2019-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-11) (中文(台湾)).
^ Jason Kincaid. AT&T Reportedly Blocks 4chan. This Is Going To Get Ugly.. Tech Crunch. 2009-07-26 [2012-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-23) (英语).
^ AT&T Blocking Access to Portions of 4chan (Updated Again). Christopher Price. CentralGadget. 2006-07-26 [2006-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-07) (英语).
^ AT&T Confirms 4chan Block After DoS Attack. Chloe Albanesius. PC Magazine. 2009-07-27 [2009-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-22) (英语).
^ moot. IF ONLY IT GREW ON TREES. 4chan News. 2012-09-18 (英语).
^ moot. 4CHAN PASS. 4chan News. 2012-09-28 (英语).
外部链接[编辑]
4chan网站
catalog.neet.tv (4chan贴图版目录)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
archive.moe文件
4chan X 用户脚本(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (支持Google Chrome,Firefox与Opera)
其他文件(Yotsuba archiver):
warosu (/cgl/ /ck/ /jp/ /lit/ /q/ /tg/)
RBT(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/cgl/ /g/ /mu/ /soc/ /w/)
/e/文件
Love is Over(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/d/ /h/ /v/)
Nyafuu(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/c/ /w/ /wg/)
The Dark Cave (/c/ /int/ /out/ /po/)
4plebs(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/hr/ /tg/ /tv/ /x/)
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取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4chan&oldid=79697033”
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互联网的黑暗角落:你所不知道的那部分4chan| 果壳 科技有意思
互联网的黑暗角落:你所不知道的那部分4chan| 果壳 科技有意思
首页科学人物种日历吃货研究所美丽也是技术活S.西尔维希耶热点互联网3043字需用时 06:05互联网的黑暗角落:你所不知道的那部分4chanS.西尔维希耶近日,网络社区4chan引起了科学家的兴趣。说起4chan,很多人的第一反应可能会是fall_ark翻译的笑话集。但事实上,4chan的名声更多来自让人笑不出的事情。现在,科学家们正试图在这被称为“互联网黑暗角落”的社区,寻找关于网络暴力和虚假新闻的蛛丝马迹。4chan为什么臭名昭著,又如何与互联网上的恶性行为产生联系?这篇文章将为你梳理清楚。
4chan是什么?
谈到4chan,就不可避免地谈起它的“模板”,2chan。2001年,日本最知名的网络社区2ch(2-channel,二频道)面临关闭的风险。部分来自2ch的用户创立了2chan(双叶频道)作为临时避难所。后来,2chan发展为以ACG、御宅族文化相关讨论为核心的贴图论坛。
2003年,一名网名叫做moot的纽约男孩仿照2chan的模式建立了面向英语使用者的社区4chan。这一论坛的建立初衷与2chan类似,也是为了给热衷于日本ACG文化的人们开辟一个窗口。/b/版(随机版)是4chan创建的首个贴图版,秉承“没有规则”的发表方针。这个版面也是4chan最受欢迎的版面。
4chan首页局部。图片来源:4chan.org
随着时间的推移,4chan的版面涵盖的领域越来越广。体育、科技、音乐、旅游、健身、政治等版面先后成立,甚至也诞生了萝莉控(Lolikon)、变态(Hentai)和猎奇(Guro)等一些与小众的性癖相关的版面(部分版面已被删除)。自建立以来,4chan曾经多次由于外部攻击或自身服务器负担过重等原因崩溃。但它依然多次“重生”并存活至今。
与传统意义上的论坛不同。4chan延续了从2ch到2chan的重要特点:匿名发表。在4chan,你无需注册身份即可发帖参与讨论。用户可以使用自定义昵称,也可以选择匿名发表。在4chan的讨论中,“Anonymous”(匿名者)代表了一大批选择匿名发表观点的用户群体。这些匿名者的讨论是4chan主要的组成部分。
另一个使4chan如此独特的原因是,帖子的留存时间相当短。大多数版面的帖子上限是十页,一旦内容超过上限,旧帖子就会被永久删除。因此论坛上的帖子寿命通常只有几个小时到几天。管理员也会清除特定内容的帖子。有评论据此认为,4chan是个“没有记忆”的网站。大量的信息流就像写在沙滩上的字一样,留下了又消失。
“没有记忆”且匿名讨论的模式为许多持有小众观点的人们提供了很好的保护伞。在这样的论坛,人们记不住观点,更找不到观点背后的人。因此,4chan的讨论风气相对传统论坛更加“自由”。尤其是在关乎政治的讨论中,“政治不正确”的言论更是此起彼伏。《洛杉矶时报》曾发文指出,4chan算得上世界上流量最大的网站之一。而4chan赋予人们的“自由”,正是带来流量的功臣之一。体量日渐庞大的4chan,也开始对论坛外部的网络带去冲击。
4chan因为什么出名?
4chan的名声可以归因于两方面:他们贡献了大量流行文化符号,也输出了大量网络暴力。
许多人们耳熟能详的互联网表情都来自于4chan的贴图版。这其中包括风靡美国的“笑脸猫“(Lolcat),一只有恋童癖的熊“Pedobear”等等。这些流行文化符号中,最为中国人所知的是一套叫做“暴走漫画”的表情。
后来以“暴走漫画”为人所熟知的“Rageguy”漫画最初出现在4chan随机版上。图片来源:knowyourmeme.com
在4chan创作者们输出的文化符号中,有许多具有强烈的政治意味,Pepe蛙就是其中之一。这个由美国艺术家马特·弗里(Matt Furie)创造的漫画形象被4chan的用户赋予了强烈的政治含义——他们将Pepe蛙形象与白人至上主义绑定宣传,最终促使原作者在2017年5月下决心“杀死”了这只命运多舛的青蛙。
在文化符号以外,4chan的用户群体还曾在网络上策划大量的攻击和暴力事件。
2006年,14岁的男孩米切尔·亨德森(Mitchell Henderson)自杀。他的同学在MySpace上为他建立了一个纪念网页。其中一份悼词将他称为“an hero”(一个英雄,英语应为“a hero”),传到4chan后遭到了4chan网友的嘲讽。他们认为米切尔只是因为丢了一个iPod所以自杀,因此创立了一系列meme(指网上爆红并引发人们后续加工的梗)来讽刺这一行为。有人黑进了亨德森的MySpace主页给他加丧尸脸,有人将他的脸P到色情片里,也有人不断打电话骚扰他的父母。
同年六月,4chan用户在动漫爱好者网站naruto-kun中发现了一条表示“我不喜欢4chan”的评论,大量4chan用户因此涌入naruto-kun,用海量的色情图片淹没了这一论坛的讨论区。后来,匿名者还侵入naruto-kun的数据库,并删除了大量重要资料。
2009年,4chan用户黑入《时代》杂志网站,让4chan的创始人moot成功“当选”《时代》杂志“世界上最有影响力的100人”首位。他们还安排了前20名“风云人物”的次序,使之首字母组成“Marblecake also the game”。
4chan的创始人Moot。图片来源:Dave Coustan/flickr.com
2010年,11岁少女杰西卡·莱因哈特(Jessica Leonhardt)成为了4chan网络暴力的受害者。杰西卡因为抱怨网络骚扰的一个视频被传到4chan随机版,招致了4chan网民对其Tumblr页面的大肆攻击。之后,杰西卡上传回应视频,她的父亲警告愤怒地攻击者“你们完了“,激起了4chan更大的反应。他们恶搞了回应视频,“人肉”出杰西卡的家庭资料。杰西卡一家随后受到了大量的骚扰甚至死亡威胁。
2014年,大量好莱坞女星的私密照片被发表在4chan上。4chan因此遭受了媒体猛烈的攻击和批评。泄露照片的黑客称在4chan上散布这些私密照片是为了换取比特币。2015年1月,moot宣布自己辞去4chan首席管理员一职。他直言,(iCloud艳照泄露事件)那几个月是自己人生中压力最大的几个月。
看到以上种种,你大概不难理解为什么4chan被人们视作“互联网最黑暗的角落”了。而这个角落中,一个叫做/pol/的版面尤其受到网络暴力研究者的关注。
/pol/是什么?
/pol/是2011年被moot加进4chan的版面,意为“Politically Incorrect”(政治不正确)。顾名思义,这个版面是4chan社区的政治话题集中地带。在这个版面,你能轻易看到许多不被主流社会接纳和认可的极端观点——包括种族/民族主义、种族/性别歧视,反对阿拉伯/LGBT的观点等等。
尽管极端言论在4chan会随旧帖的删除回归原点,但/pol/版的影响远没局限在论坛之内。许多极端主义的观点会被传播到正常的社交网络,如Reddit和Facebook,甚至被炮制成假新闻并被传统媒体引用。这样,极端主义者的言论在无形中,造成了更大的社会影响。
谁制造了这些新闻,它又如何影响互联网?
伦敦大学学院的网络犯罪研究者詹卢卡·斯特林吉尼(Gianluca Stringhini)注意到了4chan的存在。他曾关注过通过网络的勒索、诈骗、洗钱等犯罪事件。现在,他希望通过研究/pol/来了解4chan对其外部网络的影响。
詹卢卡最近在一个关于网络与社交媒体的国际研讨会上分享了他的研究结果。图片来源:twitter.com
詹卢卡和他的合作伙伴对/pol/版面中超过800万条帖子进行了分析和整理,试图从中发现一些端倪。他们将关注点聚焦在“仇恨言论”(Hate-speech)的产生和传播上。这些言论的发起者使用明显攻击型的语言来表达自己的观点。他们发现了一些值得注意的规律:
首先,/pol/中涵盖仇恨言论的比例高于其他版块。在詹卢卡的分析中,该版块约有12%的主题与仇恨言论直接相关。这一数字是用于对照的运动版(/sp/)的两倍。
其次,散布仇恨言论的群体有明显的地域差异。版面中来自印度尼西亚和阿拉伯国家的帖子只有约4.15%涉及仇恨言论。而仇恨言论占帖子比例最高的国家诸如巴哈马、塞浦路斯和中国,比例可达约30%。数据库里记录的239个国家中的大部分,帖子里的仇恨言论比例约在8%-12%。
15个最流行的仇恨词汇在4chan/pol/版帖子中出现的比例。图片来源:cs.ucl.ac.uk
再次,仇恨言论的指向具有明显的地域差异。依据关键词分析的结果,在包括加拿大、美国、澳大利亚以及欧洲西部等地区,黑人、白人之争以及希拉里、特朗普之争占据了主流;而在南美区域,人们更多关注土耳其、叙利亚和穆斯林,俄罗斯人民更多关注北约、特朗普、穆斯林和普京,而中国地区的居民的关键词则集中在日耳曼、黑人、以及女人身上。
最后,这些仇恨言论可能会导致进一步的后果,比如后续的网络暴力。话题发起者通常会引用一个来源,比如一个Youtube视频,作为“靶子”进行攻击。而参与攻击的人们会进而转向Youtube视频评论区继续宣泄自己的情绪。
被发在4chan上的虚假新闻会扩散至不同社交媒体平台,反之亦然。在Reddit的国际新闻版块中,有大约12%的虚假新闻都来自4chan。
研究4chan的意义何在?
有些网友对詹卢卡工作的必要性提出了质疑,认为他通过科学研究得到了一些“我们早已明白”的结论;也有人认为他的工作“毫无意义”,因为无论做任何努力都很难改变目前网络大环境的现状。更有甚者,有人指责詹卢卡的研究是在“杀死互联网世界的自由”。
而且,这样的研究对科学家自身也造成了压力。对于进行研究的科学家来说,每日浸淫在这些充满仇恨、偏见的帖子中,绝对不是一个愉快的体验。詹卢卡说,每做一段时间工作,他们就不得不去看看可爱的喵星人图片来放松一下。
但无论人们怎么看待,作为一个初步研究,詹卢卡取得了相当不错的成果。他们的工作不仅揭示了/pol/用户的行为模式,也为人们进一步了解网络上日益滋长的仇恨和暴力情绪提供了一个参考。
同时,詹卢卡还给可能遭到攻击的人们提出了建议:也许视频管理者应当密切关注来自其他平台的关于某一视频的评论,这样,在大规模恶性行动出现之前,人们就能够加以防范。但说到底,Youtube等视频网站的管理者愿不愿意这么做,以及这么做究竟有什么效果,目前还是未知之数。
你问4chan /pol/的网民怎么想?《自然》新闻发表了对詹卢卡的采访后,由用户对在/pol/版发表了名为“We're in the spotlight(我们被重点关注了)”的帖子。跟帖者的反应十分淡定:“无论你们做什么,无非就是给我们多加一个meme而已。”
(编辑:Calo)
参考资料:
Zannettou, Savvas, et al. "The Web Centipede: Understanding How Web Communities Influence Each Other Through the Lens of Mainstream and Alternative News Sources." arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.06947 (2017).
Hine, Gabriel Emile, et al. "Kek, Cucks, and God Emperor Trump: A Measurement Study of 4chan's Politically Incorrect Forum and Its Effects on the Web." ICWSM. 2017.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4chan
https://encyclopediadramatica.rs/Mitchell_Henderson
https://www.lurkmore.com/view/Naruto-Kun
http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/events/jessi-slaughter
https://techcrunch.com/2009/04/21/4chan-takes-over-the-time-100/
http://www.businessinsider.com/4chan-nude-photo-leak-2014-8?IR=T
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/4chan-founder-moot-quits-controversial-site-after-12-years-9993256.html
http://tanasinn.info/wiki/Complete_History_of_4chan
http://www.nature.com/news/shining-a-light-on-the-dark-corners-of-the-web-1.22128
https://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM17/paper/view/15670/14790
https://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/6geqzx/shining_a_light_on_the_dark_corners_of_the_web/
http://boards.4chan.org/pol/thread/129519145/were-in-the-spotlight
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4chan - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
4chan - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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1歷史
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1.1克里斯托弗·普尔
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2.1/a/
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2.6其他
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4chan网站类型貼圖討論版语言英文持有者西村博之创始人克里斯托弗·普尔网址www.4chan.org商业性质是注册不需要推出时间2003年10月1日,20年前(2003-10-01)[1]
4chan是於2003年推出的一個仿雙葉頻道(2chan)風格、以ACG相關討論為主題的美國貼圖討論版網站,原为分享圖片和討論日本動漫文化而建,現亦與英文互聯網的次文化和运动相關,許多英文網路流行物也源由於此。此網站是匿名者和玩家門網絡行動的起源,使用者也曾引起各種著名網絡攻擊事件,該網站用户大部分以匿名身份發文,其机制與具爭議的文化也引起了美國與他國媒體的關注[3][4]。
歷史[编辑]
克里斯托弗·普尔
4chan在2003年由来自紐約的克里斯托弗·普尔(網名 “moot”)創建[5][6],其創立時的目標就是建立一個仿造美國版本的2chan,以作为貼圖討論日本动漫、同人、御宅族文化的站点。[7][8]克里斯托弗·普尔原本使用2chan下載二次元圖片的時候發現匿名發布机制非常有趣,便萌生出了創建一個類似英文網站的想法。他在得到該網站的源代码之後使用AltaVista的Babelfish平台的線上翻譯软件将源代码内的日文原文全部翻譯成英文。[9][10]
創建時,4chan的貼圖討論版包括日本動漫版、隨機版、H圖片版、可愛二次元圖片版和Yaoi版,而隨著時間的推移,4chan的版块也有所增加,新增的版块包括體育、科技、照相、音樂、电子游戏、旅遊、健身、政治、武器、科學与數學、Cosplay、料理与電影等等。现今網站上的版块有六大分類:日本文化、愛好、創意、成人(18禁)、其他和雜項(18禁),其中访问流量最大的版面從多到少排序依次为/b/ (Random,隨機版)、/v/ (Video games,电子游戏版)、/a/ (Anime and Manga,日本動漫版)和 /s/ (十八禁版);[9]據《洛杉磯時報》报道,4chan是网上流量最高的网站之一[11],其Alexa排名常保持在700左右[12],但有时候也能排到第56名[13]。跟大部分的網路論壇不一樣的是,为了方便用户匿名發文,4chan并沒有註冊功能。[6][14]用戶也可以使用自订的名字,並以tripcode标识自己的身分。[15]匿名用户發文的時候,用戶的名字會顯示成「Anonymous」(無名者),而大部分用户都会保持匿名,因而在4chan上的一般理解中,「Anonymous」所指的不是特定的某個人,而是一個用戶群體[16]。管理員一般情況下也不使用名字,而是也使用「Anonymous」發文。同样的,管理員可以用capcode認證自己,但是平时這種認證并无必要。[17]在2011年NICONICO動畫上的採訪中,克里斯托弗·普尔曾說在4chan大概有20個志願管理員[9],每個版上亦有「janitor」(清潔工),专门负责刪除违反規則的訊息和圖片。[18]
4chan有时也会遭受有针对性的分散式阻斷服務攻擊。如在2010年12月28日的攻击中,整個4chan網站被迫下線,而在这次事件中,克里斯托弗·普尔在博客中寫到「現在我們跟MasterCard,Visa和PayPal等等同一等级了——(就是)一個專屬俱樂部!」[19]
在2008年8月间,為把最大帶寬吞吐量從100Mbps增加到1Gbps,克里斯托弗·普尔把4chan的伺服器從得克薩斯州運到加州。2010年,4chan開始使用reCAPTCHA以防止来自JavaScript病毒的垃圾發文,而後在2011年11月4chan的伺服器開始用CloudFlare聯網軟件来避免再度遭受分散式阻斷服務攻擊。2012年5月,為提高客户端性能,所有的4chan貼圖版都以HTML5/CSS3重构,並於8月時发帖总数突破10亿。[20][20]2012年9月5日,4chan网站开始提供所有貼圖版的JSON API。[21][22][23]2014年4月起,4chan開始支持上載WebM格式的視訊檔,讓用戶分享3MB以下的短片。[24]
克里斯托弗·普尔在2015年1月21日從管理員職位辭職,[25]並在同年9月21日宣布把4chan賣給西村博之,但當時沒公開網站買賣價格。[26][27][28]
克里斯托弗·普尔[编辑]
剛開始克里斯托弗·普尔一直把自己的真实世界身份保密,只使用網名作标识,直到在2008年7月9日《華爾街日報》才透露真名[5]。同日,《時代雜誌》發表了一篇記者採訪,把克里斯托弗·普尔描述为在網上內容協作的演變中的「一個重要人物」[29],但在當時《華盛頓郵報》一篇文章则称“一切(只是)一场大骗局,一个意图引人注目的报道。这只是你们想从4chan的创建者得到的(说法)而已。”(all a big hoax, a 'gotcha.' It would be just what you'd expect from the creator of 4chan.),暗示「克里斯托弗·普尔」的身份也有可能是伪造的。[30]在2009年3月,克里斯托弗·普尔入圍時代百大人物[31]。
在接受《華爾街日報》和《時代雜誌》採訪之前,克里斯托弗·普尔一直刻意把自己的真实身份跟4chan相隔离,在《時代雜誌》採訪中,他也表示「我本人的私生活与我在網上的活动泾渭分明……就如中間有堵防火牆般。」[29]克里斯托弗·普尔當時也在耶魯大學和麻省理工學院的會議上發過言[29],其中2008年一篇《觀察家報》的文章里描述:「他是你們根本沒有聽說過的最有影響的網絡實業家」[32][33]。
在2009年2月,《華盛頓郵報》报道称克里斯托弗·普尔在弗吉尼亞聯邦大學里上了几学期后就退學了,并在退学后一直与母親同住,欠下了2萬美元的運行費用債務以琢磨4chan。[30]
在2009年4月《時代雜誌》主持的網上選舉中,克里斯托弗·普尔當選为2009年時代百大人物第一名。[34]不过,主办者很快發現選舉中有惡搞行为,即4chan用戶用自動投票軟件把克里斯托弗·普尔推到了第一名。[35][36][37]除此之外,前21名的第一字母还可以组合成一句話:「MARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME」,这正是4chan上两句流行語的组合。[38]
2009年9月12日,克里斯托弗·普尔在奧地利維也納的Paraflows座談會發表了關於為什麼4chan能產生很多網路潮流的演讲,并在演讲中將此歸功於4chan的無名發表系統。[39][40]2010年2月10日,克里斯托弗·普尔在加利福尼亞州長灘參加了TED2010會議并发表演说,[41][42]他在演讲中提到了现今保有固定的网络身份与在Facebook和Twitter等站点上分享自己的个人信息的风潮,并阐述了匿名發言對维护互聯網隱私和言論自由的重要性。[43]巴西的《聖保羅州報(英语:O Estado de S. Paulo)》報導称:「克里斯托弗·普尔参与TED2010會議的事件表明非同尋常的情况的發生……4chan的规则跟所有的網絡公約相反:它处于谷歌、社交網站和博客的對立面。」[44]
2010年4月,克里斯托弗·普尔在美国诉大卫·科勒尔案(英语:United States of America v. David Kernell)審判中作為政府證人提供证词。[45]作為證人,克里斯托弗·普尔向檢察官解釋了4chan上所使用的術語,包括「OP」(楼主,也即「Original Poster/原发文者」的缩写)和「lurker」(中文称作潜水员),也向法院解釋他給美國聯邦調查局的數據包括哪些內容,以及怎麼用這些資料確定網站用戶的身份。[46]
分版[编辑]
/a/[编辑]
/a/版(Anime and Manga,日本動畫與漫畫)是4chan上專門討論日本動漫文化的貼圖版。[47]/a/的版民常討論的內容有目前正播的日本動畫、美少女塑料模型、共享漫畫圖片。/a/版是全4chan上最老的討論區。[9][10]在英文世界裡的動畫圈中,/a/版是非常有影響力的——版上偶爾出現過各樣的輕小說作家來訪問。[48][49]
/b/[编辑]
/b/版(Random,隨機版)是4chan上最流行的貼圖版,占据全網站30%的流量。網站推出時,/b/版是4chan第一个創建的貼圖版,原始目标就是仿照2chan的「二次元裏」版設計版块。[50][51]/b/版有一個「no rules」(沒有規則)的方針:除了違法內容以外(如兒童色情物品和發垃圾郵件),什麼都可以貼。 「no rules」方針所针对的也包括管理員的管理行为,也即使用者亦可以在任何时候以任何理由——甚至沒理由——被封禁。[46][52]在一次《紐約時報》的采访中,克里斯托弗·普尔表示在/b/版中:「版民的力量在於:以自己的標準来決定」,管理員只是担当平台提供者而已。[53]
/b/版的特點是錯綜複雜的內部笑話和黑色喜劇。[54]/b/版的用戶自称「/b/tards」(/b/精神病人),[53]这是外來人往往難以理解的一種很特別的幽默感;而用戶亦常把其他用戶叫成「fags」(同性戀的傢伙),[13]因而外來人容易把他們看成白目。[53][55]《纽约观察家》周刊把/b/的用戶描述为「不成熟的惡作劇者,而網站的匿名與无存檔机制也鼓励了他们的不良行為」。[56]Gawker(英语:Gawker)的尼克·道格拉斯甚至写道「看/b/會把你的大腦給融化掉……(/b/是)互联網的屁眼」(reading /b/ will melt your brain... the asshole of the Internets)[4]《連線》雜誌则以「臭名昭著」(「notorious」)相称。[54]
/v/[编辑]
/v/版(Video Games,电子游戏)是討論電腦與电子游戏的貼圖版。[47]/v/上的管理員經常鬆懈,因此版民常常討論無關的話題,一個由此衍生出的很常見的/v/版玩笑是「/v/ never talks about video games(/v/版从不討論電子遊戲)」。[9]由于很多人因在/v/上帖關於口袋妖怪系列的信息而被其他版民騷擾,克里斯托弗·普尔在2010年新創建了專門討論口袋妖怪的/vp/版,並於2012年將/v/版分割出一般討論相关遊戲系列专用的/vg/版。[57]
4chan許多的有名事件或網絡爆紅是從/v/開始的。[58][59]GamerGate事件剛開始在/v/啟動,可是由於一些關於管理員的爭議,大部分支持GamerGate的用戶為了繼續活動移到8chan。[60][61]從2011年開始,/vp/版開始製造一個滑稽模仿版本神奇寶貝遊戲,叫做「Pokémon Sage」(神奇寶貝 下げ版)。[62]
/jp/[编辑]
霧雨魔理沙叫外來用户「滾出/jp/」。這圖片常被轉貼于/jp/。
/jp/主題曲2
/jp/版原創內容的一個例子。
播放此文件有问题?请参见媒體幫助。
/jp/版(Otaku Culture,日本御宅族文化)是討論御宅族相关話題的貼圖版。[47]在2008年前,有些人在/a/版常常贴關於東方Project,視覺小說和同人遊戲的内容,由于這些話題跟動畫漫畫無關,大部分的/a/版民对此也有所抱怨。有鉴于此,克里斯托弗·普尔把/a/版分成兩半:/a/版專門討論動漫,/jp/討論其他话题,并以「Japan/General」(日本/一般性讨论)为版名,[63]但后来/jp/版民又抱怨經常有外來人贴無關的日本社會內容,再將版名改成「Otaku Culture」。 /jp/版的话题有輕小說、視覺小說、美少女遊戲、日本成人遊戲、同人文化、東方Project、VOCALOID、同人遊戲、同人音樂、同人誌、美少女人形、NEET生活、隱蔽青年問題等等。[64]
4chan上眾所周知/jp/版民經常對版外人有敵意。[65]/jp/版民为自己有一個較小的網絡社區而自豪,因此如果有外來人发主题,版上的標準回應就是「get out of /jp/」(滾出/jp/)。/jp/的社區也发起过很多4chan以外的項目,如各种IRC頻道及/jp/版讨论檔案。[註 1]
/pol/[编辑]
/pol/版的標識。上书:政治不正确
/pol/版(Politics,政治)是討論政治與新聞的貼圖版。[47]剛開始這版本來在/n/,名为「News」(新聞版),但因版上大部分討論与種族歧視有關,结果全版被克里斯托弗·普尔刪除。在收到大量的骚扰郵件之後于/new/重建新聞版,并特地声明說若/new/再度成為一個種族歧視發言版,他會再度刪版,结果因此/new/版在2011年1月又被刪除。[66]可是在2011年8月21日,moot向当时的/new/版民道歉:他谈到他曾批評过标榜言论自由的Encyclopedia Dramatica一站的創建者,指其毫无预警就關閉網站的行为忽视社群并妨碍了言论自由,但这次却發現自己在/new/的事情上也犯了同樣的錯誤——之後,moot于/pol/重建新闻版。[20][67]
許多的/pol/版民與當年的/new/版民有共同的特徵,其倾向包括種族主義,種族歧視,反非洲人主義,反猶太主義,否認納粹大屠殺,美國民族主義等等,因而/pol/版的許多話題与美國黑人犯罪率與猶太陰謀相关。雖然/pol/版民的政見繁雜,但总体来说右翼政治内容数量多,克里斯托弗·普尔也曾將/new/跟一個白人優越主義的網站——「风暴前线(英语:Stormfront (website))」相提並論。[66]
各种西方媒体,例如《華盛頓郵報》曾經把/pol/形容成一個種族歧視或性別歧視的討論區,而且也包含新納粹主義的情緒。[68][69][70][71]南方贫困法律中心認為各種白人優越主義網站經常仿真/pol/版的特制談話風格——其中的《每日風暴(英语:The Daily Stormer)》也承認這一點。[69]2012年特雷沃恩·馬丁命案時,一些黑客把特雷沃恩的社會媒體帳戶信息在/pol/上公開。[72][73]版民也曾經引起過各種反阿拉伯,反女權和反跨性別的Twitter運動。[70][74][75]
其他[编辑]
版块
全名
簡介[47][76]
/c/
Anime/Cute
可愛二次元圖片版
/d/
Hentai/Alternative
非主流H圖片版。圖片內容有觸手攻擊與扶他那裡等等。 18禁。
/e/
Ecchi
エッチ圖片版。圖片有黃色內容,但無性交。 18禁。
/f/
Flash
Adobe Flash版
/g/
Technology
科技版,討論電腦电器的貼圖版。
/gif/
Adult GIF
成人動畫GIF圖片版。18禁。
/h/
Hentai
H圖片版。 18禁。
/hr/
High Resolution
高清晰度圖像版
/k/
Weapons
討論武器與軍事的貼圖版。
/m/
Mecha
機甲動漫版
/o/
Automobiles
汽車版
/p/
Photography
照相版
/r/
Request
請求版。請求內容包括圖片和下載链接。
/s/
Sexy Beautiful Women
无露骨内容的女性图片版。 18禁。
/t/
Torrents
BT版
/u/
Yuri
百合圖片版。 18禁。
/vg/
Video Game Generals
电子游戏(一般性討論)版
/vr/
Retro Games
复古电子游戏版
/w/
Wallpapers
桌面壁紙版
/wg/
Wallpapers/General
桌面壁紙(非日本動漫)版
/i/
Oekaki
網上描繪版
/ic/
Artwork/Critique
藝術品批判版
/r9k/
ROBOT9001
“機器人九千一版”。這個貼圖版有使用xkcd的ROBOT9001程序腳本。版上什麼內容都可以貼,可是必須是原始內容。如果腳本發現用戶提交的内容複製自他人文章,则會拒絕发送。
/s4s/
Shit 4chan Says
“4chan废文版”。一个留废文的玩笑版。名称来自Reddit的“Shit Reddit Says”讨论区。
/cm/
Cute/Male
可愛二次元男孩圖片版
/hm/
Handsome Men
男人圖片版。 18禁。
/lgbt/
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender
女同性恋,男同性恋,双性恋与变性版
/y/
Yaoi
Yaoi版
/3/
3DCG
三維計算機圖形版
/adv/
Advice
求建议版
/an/
Animals & Nature
動物與自然界版
/asp/
Alternative Sports
另类体育活动版
/biz/
Business & Finance
商業與金融版
/cgl/
Cosplay & EGL
Cosplay版
/ck/
Food & Cooking
食物與料理版
/co/
Comics & Cartoons
美國漫畫與動畫片(卡通)版
/diy/
Do-It-Yourself
自作創意項目版
/fa/
Fashion
時尚版
/fit/
Health & Fitness
健康健身版
/gd/
Graphic Design
平面设计版
/hc/
Hardcore
發有滲透性交的黃片版。 18禁。
/int/
International
國際版,世界文化交流的貼圖版。在/int/上每人發的內容都顯示用戶IP地址的國旗,為了確認所有用戶的來源。
/lit/
Literature
文學版
/mlp/
Pony
彩虹小馬:友情就是魔法版
/mu/
Music
音樂版
/n/
Transportation
運輸版。內容包括火車與飛機。
/out/
Outdoors
户外世界版
/po/
Papercraft & Origami
摺紙版
/sci/
Science & Math
科學與數學版
/soc/
Social
社交版
/sp/
Sport
體育版
/tg/
Traditional Games
棋盤遊戲版
/toy/
Toys
玩具版
/trv/
Travel
旅遊版
/tv/
Television & Film
電視劇與電影版
/vp/
Pokémon
口袋妖怪系列版
/wsg/
Worksafe GIF
動畫GIF圖片(非成人内容)版
/x/
Paranormal
超自然現象版[註 2]
/rs/
Rapidshares
下載連線版
已被刪除的貼圖版包括:
/g/ (舊) - Guro:獵奇版。2004年11月因為法律問題被刪除。[77]
/l/ - Lolikon:蘿莉控版。[78]2003年11月被克里斯托弗·普尔創建,2004年10月因法律問題被刪除。[79]
/q/ - 4chan Discussion:網站事務討論版。2012年8月建起,2013年9月被刪除。[80]
/z/ - 一個沒有意義的秘密白目玩笑版。[81]
互聯網爆紅[编辑]
瑞克摇:瑞克搖擺的来源是4chan的/v/版,出现于2007年5月。[82]惡搞者将歌手理查德·艾斯利唱的1987年歌曲《Never Gonna Give You Up》(永远不会放弃你)的音樂視頻链接贴在版面上,并谎称此视频与主题有关,结果受害者点击该連結后会到達錯的視頻。[46]2008年之后,这网络潮流在许多其他网站也流行起来,[83]结果得到主流媒體關注。[84]《洛杉磯時報》有報告這個網路爆紅现象,在採訪理查德·艾斯利的時候,他說他認為這種玩笑「又奇怪,又可笑」。[3][85]
巧克力雨:一個YouTube音樂視頻在/b/版貼上之後在全網上便流行。大量的/b/用户不断提升泰·桑迪的歌《Chocolate Rain》(巧克力雨)在YouTube上的排名。視頻中的一句「I move away from the mic to breathe in」(我喘氣的時候离麥克風遠一點)成為一個網絡流行語。[86][87][88]
Pedo熊:/b/版用戶創造的戀童癖吉祥物。原來的外形來自一個2chAA繪圖人物,它的基本模樣被改裝之後成為了一個新人物。[89]
波蘭球:來自美國4chan和德國Krautchan兩不同網站的/int/版,用來擬人化全球各種國家。[90]
暴走漫畫:2007年起源於4chan,在Reddit上變流行,然後發展到許多其他網站。[91]
Nice boat:关于日本动画《School Days》的最終回因为2007年9月的京田邊警官殺害事件停播[92],一个用户在/a/版写了一句「Nice boat」(好船)嘲笑电视台代替播放的風景節目,此后这句话在各个日本网站成为爆紅流行語。[93][94]
SCP基金会︰一個有關於超常現象的虛构作品集。第一篇真正意義上SCP基金會的文章在/x/版發佈,該文章啟發了更多SCP文章的出現,其後SCP愛好者建立了一個獨立的wiki來處理有關於SCP基金會的事項。[95]
爭議與媒體關注[编辑]
網絡攻擊[编辑]
據《華盛頓郵報》称,「在互聯網歷史中,4chan的用户幹了最引人注目的集體行動」。[96]
4chan用户“襲擊”了哈尔·特纳(英语:Hal Turner)——一個秉持白人民族主義并否認納粹大屠殺的博客作者,他的網站遭遇DDoS攻擊,主持的廣播節目也經常受到惡作劇電話干扰。为此特纳起訴4chan和一些其他網站,但是沒成功。[97]
在2007年7月26日,美國KTTV Fox 11電視台(英语:KTTV)廣播了一個關於Anonymous的報告,称之为「用了合成代謝類固醇的黑客」(hackers on steroids),「國內恐怖分子」(domestic terrorists)和「互聯網仇恨机器」(Internet hate machine)。[98]
2008年,莎拉·佩林的私人Yahoo電子郵箱帳號密码被一個4chan /b/版用戶破解,[99]并被贴在/b/上。[100]之後,另一個/b/用戶把密碼改變了,然後發了截圖,證明他使用佩林的email帳號发送邮件給佩林的朋友,告訴他佩林的帳號被破解,而這個用戶没有把密碼從截圖去掉,[101]结果之後许多/b/用戶使用新密碼嘗試登錄,然而帳號却已自動被Yahoo系統封锁了。[102]事件发生後,美國FBI和特勤局对此展开調查。[103]此即美国诉大卫·科勒尔案。
2008年10月,CNN的iReport網站发布了一条史蒂夫·喬布斯心臟病發作的假消息,结果导致蘋果公司股票急剧下滑,而情報起源追踪的結果表明这一消息源于4chan。[104][105]
2010年9月,一些4chan匿名用户对美国电影协会与美國唱片業協會进行了一次大范围的分散式阻斷服務攻擊,以报复一些电影业公司对海盜灣网站的网络攻击行为。[106][107][108][109]
2012年8月31日,由於被一些4chan用戶在Twitter上以發他們自己的陰莖照片的方式騷擾,日本聲優喜多村英梨宣布停用Twitter帳號。[110]事件的起因是動畫心連·情結的導演山中隆弘在該動畫的先行上映會上的一次惡作劇——這次惡作劇中男聲優市來光弘受到羞辱。[111]而在發現喜多村英梨和山中隆弘兩人之間有浪漫關係後,為市來光弘感到不平的4chan用戶為了報仇便開始鼓動所有人在她的Twitter上發陰莖照片。[110]
2014年8月,一些互聯網用戶揭露了遊戲媒體中的腐敗醜聞事件,要點關於女性遊戲開發商佐伊·奎因(英语:Zoe Quinn)和遊戲記者通姦的指控。[112][113]根據指控,佐伊和某些電子遊戲新聞網站的記者進行性交,目的為得到好評價的文章,因此引起利益衝突問題。[114]經過進一步調查,互聯網用戶發現她跟各種遊戲開發商也為了特別的優惠進行性交,其中包括她的雇主(一位已婚男士)。[115]關於這事件佐伊表示她認為4chan的/v/版在針對她因為她是女權主義者,受到過大量來自4chan用戶的騷擾和仇恨言論在網絡上,也表示這事件是一種厭惡女人的網絡攻擊。某些網絡媒體用「GamerGate」(遊戲玩家門)描述此次遊戲產業醜聞事件。[116][117]
同月,電子遊戲獨立開發者菲爾·費舍(英语:Phil Fish)聲稱他受到4chan /v/用戶的黑客攻擊,並且他本人大量的私人和公司敏感信息被透露。[118]不過,客觀證據和他所講的故事有矛盾,黑客的真實身份也不能確認來自/v/——有些懷疑論者認為所謂的黑客攻擊其實是費舍自取的假旗行動用來責怪/v/,由於事件中各種可疑的漏洞。[119][120]
暴力威脅[编辑]
2006年10月18日,美國國土安全部向国家橄榄球联盟官员警告称恐怖分子可能在体育场使用髒彈。[121]情报源为/b/版上一条威胁信息,该信息称在10月22日(賴買丹月最后一天)一些体育场将遭袭。[122]最后球赛仍未取消,但体育场方面为此仍派遣了大量保安以保证安全。[123]而后在10月20日,一个男子杰克·布拉姆向当局自首,然后由于谎称恐怖袭击的行为而被指控。[124]2008年2月28日,布拉姆在审判中认罪。6月5日,他被判处6个月监禁,6月软禁,并需支付26750美元罚款。[125]
2007年9月11日午夜,一個學生贴出一些照片,其中有他本人扛着(假)炸彈的场景。[126]他在信息裡威脅要炸自己所在的美國德州普弗拉熱維爾中學:
“
Hello, /b/.
On September 11, 2007, at 9:11 A.M. Central time, two pipe bombs will be remote-detonated at Pflugerville High School.
Promptly after the blast, I, along with two ther[sic] Anonymous, will charge the building, armed with a Bushmaster AR-15, IMI Galil AR, a vintage, government-issue M1 .30 Carbine, and a Benelli M4 semi auto shotgun.
你好,/b/。
在美洲中部時間2007年9月11日早上9點11分,兩個炸彈會在普弗拉熱維爾中學被遙控引爆。炸完之後,我和兩位“無名者”會冲进學校,并以一把Bushmaster(英语:Bushmaster Firearms International)的AR-15、一把IMI Galil AR、一把旧式军用M1 .30卡賓槍及一把伯奈利M4半自動獵槍作为武装。
”
——威脅信息
其他4chan用户在照片裡的exif數據發現這個人的父親的姓名,然後報警,[127]于是在開學前這位學生被警察抓捕,[128][129][130][131]結果发现这一事件是惡作劇,因為這位學生本就沒有武器炸藥,照片裡的所有东西全是玩具。[132]
2007年12月8日,一個來自澳大利亞墨爾本的20歲男子贾里德·威利斯被警方抓获,之前他在4chan上寫「我想開槍打死很多人,一直到我被打死為止」。[133]但這位男子在調查時(判刑之前)就已死亡。[134]
2009年2月4日,在/b/版上有人寫在瑞典埃斯基爾斯蒂納會有校園槍擊案,[135]結果1250學生和50老師被疏散。[136]根據4chan給警察的IP地址調查之後,一位21歲男子被警方抓获。據警方透露,嫌疑人当日所作一切全是玩笑,而警方也沒有發現任何證據能證明威脅是真实的。[137]
匿名者[编辑]
匿名者成員戴著盖伊·福克斯面具
《巴爾的摩市報(英语:Baltimore City Paper)》指責4chan是匿名者的发源地,[13]美國《全國郵報(英语:National Post)》也認為匿名者跟4chan和一些IRC頻道有關係。[138]匿名者被廣泛報導跟黑客行動和公眾抗議有關係。根據匿名者的交往,4chan也跟Project Chanology(英语:Project Chanology)—— 一個全世界反山達基教會(科學教)活动组织——有关联。[13][139]
其他事件[编辑]
2012年2月17日,FBI以持有兒童色情物品的指控逮捕了绍斯菲尔德的一名男子赛迪斯·麦克迈克尔(Thaddeus McMichael)。[140]根据FBI的刑事指控,其所持有的部分违法兒童色情图片是从/b/版取得的。[141]
2014年8月31日,100名歐美明星裸體照片由於iCloud系統安全受到損害而被洩露,大量照片被上傳在4chan上。[142]
2017年2月,為了諷刺自由主義者,4chan上開始流行傳播「OK手勢代表白人至上主義」的謠言。後來該謠言越傳越大,導致西方大部分民眾都認為「OK手勢代表白人至上主義」是真實的[143],例如基督城清真寺槍擊案中的兇手在出庭時就做出OK手勢[144],而暴雪也在2019年4月就禁止OWL的粉絲在直播中做OK手勢[145]。
ISP封鎖[编辑]
2009年7月26日,美国AT&T于当日零时把img.4chan.org封鎖,4chan用户当时认为AT&T在进行互聯網審查,表達大量敵意。[146][147]而在7月27日,AT&T發表聲明表示这件事是一个意外。[148]
2012年9月18日,4chan开始卖年票(4chan Pass),定价为一张20美元。[149]拥有年票的用户发言时不必输入reCAPTCHA验证码,且会被加入ISP禁言豁免名单(意指如该用户使用的ISP在禁言名单内,用户也一样可以发言)。[150]
參見[编辑]
互联网主题
2chan
2ch
Komica
片輪少女
注释[编辑]
^ 4chan的/a/版与/jp/版有站外的自动讨论檔案,存檔网址为这里 (Foolz)和这里 (Warosu)。这些檔案网站全由版民自行建立,跟4chan的員工无关。许多4chan貼圖版存檔站使用基于Perl的开源软件fuuka(Yotsuba archiver)或其衍生软件抓取页面进行存档,如foolz存檔站所用即是基于PHP的fuuka衍生软件FoOlFuuka。fuuka软件起初是为easymodo檔案网站编写的(此网站已停止运行);关于檔案网站的历史,请看这里。
^ 西方人喜欢用“x”代表未知事物。这源于法国哲学家和数学家勒内·笛卡尔喜欢用“x”代表未知数的习惯。科技名词“X染色体”和“X射线”的命名由来与之相同。
参考文献[编辑]
^ moot. Welcome. 4chan. 2003-10-01 [2008-08-02].
^ 4chan.org Site Info. Alexa Internet. [2018-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-16).
^ 3.0 3.1 Sean Michaels. Taking the Rick. 倫敦: 衛報. 2008-03-19 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-27) (英语).
^ 4.0 4.1 Nick Douglas. What The Hell Are 4chan, ED, Something Awful, And "b"?. Gawker(英语:Gawker). 2008-01-18 [2008-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-24) (英语).
^ 5.0 5.1 Jamin Brophy-Warren. Modest Web Site Is Behind a Bevy of Memes. 华尔街日报. 2008-07-09 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-08-29) (英语).
^ 6.0 6.1 Jerry Langton. Funny how `stupid' site is addictive. Toronto Star. 2007-09-22 [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-22) (英语).
^ Danny O'Brien. Tuning into innovation outside the confines of English-speaking web. 愛爾蘭時報. 2008-05-02 [2009-01-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – What is 4chan?. 4chan. [2008-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 西村博之, moot. 4chムート x ひろゆきのトークセッション「ソーシャルメディアってなぁに?」 (ID: 57271090). Niconico動畫. 2011年7月27日 [2012年3月17日]. (原始内容存档于2014年8月31日) (日语).
^ 10.0 10.1 Dibbell, Julian. Radical Opacity. Technology Review. 2010-09-10 [2012-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-30) (英语).
^ David Sarno. Rise and fall of the Googled swastika. 洛杉磯時報. 2008-07-12 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-15) (英语).
^ 4chan.org — Site Information. Alexa. [2010-08-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-03-29) (英语).
^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Chris Landers. Serious Business. 巴爾的摩市報(英语:Baltimore City Paper). 2008-03-02 [2008-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-08) (英语).
^ FAQ – How do I post anonymously?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – How do I use a "tripcode"?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – Who is "Anonymous"?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – What is a capcode?. 4chan. [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ FAQ – What are "janitors"?. 4chan. [2009-01-12] (英语).
^ Web attack takes Anonymous activists offline. 英國廣播公司新聞. 2010-12-29 [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-30) (英语).
^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 moo. BEYOND ONE BILLION. 4chan News. 2012-08-06 (英语).
^ moot. JOINING THE FUTURE, ONE COMMIT AT A TIME. 4chan News. 2012-09-05 (英语).
^ Josh Constine. The Future Of Memes: 4chan Hits 22M Monthlies, Unveils New API. TechCrunch. 2012-09-05 [2012-09-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-07) (英语).
^ Jessica Roy. 4Chan Emerges From Its Dark Corner of the Internet with a Faster API. Betabeat. 2012-09-05 [2012-09-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-07) (英语).
^ moot. WebM support on 4chan. 4chan Blog (官方博客). 2014-04-06 [2014-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-06) (英语).
^ Christopher Poole Leaves 4chan. 国际财经时报. 2015-01-21 [2015-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-23) (英语).
^ Mike Isaac. 4chan Message Board Sold to Founder of 2Channel, a Japanese Web Culture Pioneer. 纽约时报. 2015-09-21 [2015-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-01) (英语).
^ Lauren Orsini. How The 4chan Sale Returns The Controversial Forum To Its Anime Roots. 福布斯. 2015-09-21 [2015-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-21) (英语).
^ Doug Bolton. Christopher 'Moot' Poole sells anarchic imageboard 4chan to 2channel owner Hiroyuki Nishimura. 獨立報. 2015-09-21 [2015-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-22) (英语).
^ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Grossman, Lev. The Master of Memes. 時代 172 (3) (United States). 2008-07-09: 50–51 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-24) (英语).
^ 30.0 30.1 Hesse, Monica. A Virtual Unknown; Meet 'Moot,' the Secretive Internet Celeb Who Still Lives With Mom. 华盛顿邮报. 2009-02-17: 23–24 [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-25) (英语).
^ moot - The 2009 TIME 100 Finalists. 時代. 2009-03-19 [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-25) (英语).
^ David Smith. The 20-year-old at heart of web's most anarchic and influential site. 倫敦: 觀察家報. 2008-07-20 [2008-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-23) (英语).
^ Cohen, Stefanie. Grosses and ’Nets. 紐約郵報. 2009-02-22: 25 [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-23) (英语).
^ The World's Most Influential Person Is.... 時代. 2009-04-27 [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-26) (英语).
^ Heater, Brian. 4Chan Followers Hack Time's 'Influential' Poll. PC Magazine. 2009-04-27 [2009-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-30) (英语).
^ Schonfeld, Erick. 4Chan Takes Over The Time 100. 华盛顿邮报. 2009-04-21 [2009-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-10) (英语).
^ moot wins, Time Inc. loses « Music Machinery. Musicmachinery.com. 2009-04-27 [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-03) (英语).
^ Reddit Top Links. Marble Cake Also the Game [PIC]. BuzzFeed. [2009-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-15) (英语).
^ Paraflows 09, Program for Saturday, Sep 12 2009. Paraflows.at. [2010-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-11) (德语).
^ Herwig, Jana. Partial transcript: Moot on 4chan and why it works as a meme factory. Digiom Blog. 2010-04-06 [2010-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2010-04-13) (英语).
^ TED2010 Program. TED大会. [2012-02-06]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-13) (英语).
^ Fisher, Ken. 4chan's moot takes pro-anonymity to TED 2010. Ars Technica. 2010-02-11 [2010-02-12]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-07) (英语).
^ 4chan founder: Anonymous speech is 'endangered' « SciTechBlog. CNN. 2010-02-12 [2010-02-12]. (原始内容存档于2010-02-15) (英语).
^ Leal, Fred. Feio, sujo e surreal. O Estado de S. Paulo. 2010-04-19: L1 [2010-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2010-09-09) (葡萄牙语).
^ Jamieson, Alastair. Sarah Palin hacker trial provides 'lolz' courtesy of 4chan founder. 每日电讯报 (倫敦). 2010-08-11 [2012-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-16) (英语).
^ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Transcript of Chris Poole before the Honorable Thomas W. Phillips on April 22, 2010 (PDF). 美国诉大卫·科勒尔案,美國地方法院田納西州東區北科. 2010-04-22 [2011-10-29]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-08-20) (英语).
^ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 4chan rules: Image Boards. 4chan (英语).
^ Log Horizon Creator Holds Q&A on 4Chan's /a/ Board. Anime News Network. 2013-12-08 [2020-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-31) (英语).
^ "Log Horizon" Author Returns to 4Chan. Crunchyroll. 2013-12-08 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-16) (英语).
^ Sorgatz, Rex. An Interview With The Founder of 4chan. Fimoculous.com. 2009-02-18 [2009-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-10) (英语).
^ moot. /b/. 4chan. 2008-07-11 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-30) (英语).
^ 4chan — Rules – /b/ - Random. 4chan. [2006-08-18] (英语).
^ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Schwartz, Mattathias. The Trolls Among Us. 纽约时报. 2008-08-03: 24 [2009-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-07) (英语).
^ 54.0 54.1 Julian Dibbell. Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers. 连线. 2008-01-18 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-08) (英语).
^ Jonathan Kay. You'll miss us when we're gone. National Post. 2008-08-06 [2008-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-05) (英语).
^ Jeffries, Adrianne. From the Creator of 4chan Comes the More Mature Canvas. 纽约观察家. 2011-01-31 [2011-02-07]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-04) (英语).
^ moot !Ep8pui8Vw2. Introducing /vg/ - Video Game Generals. 4chan /v/ (檔案在foolz). 2012-02-16 [2012-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-04) (英语).
^ Spencer Hart. Everything You Need to Know About the Rickroll – The Internet's Favourite Prank. Gizmodo. 2015-02-06 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-08) (英语). May 2007 brought the first known instance of 'Rickrolling'. In 4chan's video game forum, /v/, a user posted a mirror-link to the first Grand Theft Auto IV trailer
^ Johannah King-Slutzky. The Secret of the Bro. The Awl. 2015-02-20 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-07) (英语). The brofist was eventually popularized on /v/, 4Chan’s videogames sub, where... people say the phrase ‘PUT UP YOUR BROFIST.’ to act like they have a ‘network’ of friends
^ Erik Kain. GamerGate: A Closer Look At The Controversy Sweeping Video Games. 福布斯. 2014-09-04 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-05) (英语).
^ Chen, Adrian. Gamergate Supporters Partied at a Strip Club This Weekend. 紐約雜誌. 2014-10-27 [2015-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-01) (英语).
^ 4chan’s Project Pokémon Sage and Why You Should Be Playing It. DualShockers. 2014-06-25 [2014-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-29) (英语).
^ moot !Ep8pui8Vw2. RE: /a/ vs. /jp/ (Screencap of /a/ post No.9743814). 2008-02-20 [2012-06-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-14).
^ Anonymous ## Mod (4chan管理员). No.9549154 - /jp/ ("The new guidelines of what is acceptable on /jp/" sticky). 4chan (檔案在foolz). 2012-08-10 (英语). [永久失效連結] (warosu檔案)
^ /jp/ Guidelines. [2012-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-17) (英语).
^ 66.0 66.1 moot. Why were /r9k/ and /new/ removed?. 2011-01-19 [2012-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-20) (英语).
^ moot !Ep8pui8Vw2. Welcome back, robots. 4chan /r9k/. (WebCite archive). 2011-10-23 [2012-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-11) (英语).
^ Absolutely everything you need to know to understand 4chan, the Internet’s own bogeyman. 华盛顿邮报. 2014-09-25 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-22) (英语).
^ 69.0 69.1 Dylann Roof, 4chan, and the New Online Racism. The Daily Beast. 2015-06-29 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-15) (英语).
^ 70.0 70.1 #EndFathersDay is the work of 4chan, not feminists. The Daily Dot. 2014-10-08 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-29) (英语).
^ 4chan Trolls Take Over Electronic Billboard, Racism Ensues. Vocativ. 2014-12-07 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-11) (英语).
^ White Supremacist Claims to Have Hacked Trayvon Martin’s Email, Social Media Accounts. 紐約客. 2012-03-29 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-22) (英语).
^ Bloggers Cherry-Pick From Social Media to Cast Trayvon Martin as a Menace. 纽约时报. 2012-03-29 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-11) (英语).
^ What the Internet's Most Infamous Trolls Tell Us About Online Feminism. Vice媒体. 2014-06-20 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-31) (英语).
^ Trolls Are Paying Twitter to Promote Hate Speech — And There's Nothing Stopping Them. Mic. 2015-05-20 [2015-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-21) (英语).
^ Stryker, Cole. Epic Win for Anonymous: How 4chan's Army Conquered the Web. 紐約: The Overlook Press. 2011 [2015-09-16]. ISBN 9781590207383. (原始内容存档于2015-09-23) (英语).
^ moot. WAHO!. 4chan. 2003-09-10 [2011-10-29] (英语).
^ moot. UPDATE. 4chan. 2003-08-11 [2011-10-29] (英语).
^ 4chan history. Jonathan's Reference Pages (英语).
^ 4Chan's Moot writes rare update after billionth post, opens new /q/ board for site discussion. The Verge. 2012-08-06 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-04) (英语).
^ 4chan. Everything Shii Knows. [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-20) (英语).
^ The Biggest Little Internet Hoax on Wheels Hits Mainstream. 福斯新聞頻道. 2008-04-22 [2008-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-22) (英语).
^ Rick Roll related Google Trends. Google Trends. Google. [2008-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-22).
^ Williams, Andy. You've been tRicked. Wigan Today. Johnston Press Digital Publishing. 2007-06-16 [2008-04-01]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-26) (英语).
^ David Sarno. Web Scout exclusive! Rick Astley, king of the 'Rickroll,' talks about his song's second coming. 洛杉磯時報. 2008-05-25 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-26) (英语).
^ Ricketson, Matthew. YouTube research shows picture is changing rapidly. 世纪报 (墨爾本). 2008-07-16 [2008-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-20) (英语).
^ Mathew Ingram. Who is Tay Zonday?. 环球邮报. 2007-08-15 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-18) (英语).
^ Garth Montgomery. Chocolate Rain goes huge. 每日电讯报 (news.com.au). 2007-08-01 [2008-07-14] (英语).
^ Kelly, Jon. The strange virtual world of 4chan. 英國廣播公司新聞. 2010-08-31 [2010-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-06) (英语).
^ Wojciech Orliński(英语:Wojciech Orliński). Wyniosłe lol zaborców, czyli Polandball. Gazeta Wyborcza. 2010-01-16 [2012-03-25]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-01) (波兰语).
^ 没看过暴走漫画,你就OUT了!. 凤凰网. 2012-05-12 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-05) (中文(中国大陆)).
^ Last School Days Episode Preempted by Real-Life Crime. Anime News Network. 2007-09-20 [2012-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2008-11-19) (英语).
^ Nice boat. Hatena. [2012-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-18) (日语).
^ Nice Boat.. Know Your Meme. [2012-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-12-29) (英语).
^ The SCP Foundation contains and reports on the horrors of the Internet. The Daily Dot. 2014-01-09 [2018-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-22) (美国英语).
^ Cha, Ariana Eunjung. 4chan users seize Internet's power for mass disruptions. 华盛顿邮报. 2010-08-10 [2010-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-11) (英语).
^ Harold C. "Hal" Turner v. 4chan.org. Justia 聯邦地區法庭文件. 2007-01-19 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-20) (英语).
^ FOX 11 Investigates: 'Anonymous'. MyFOX Los Angeles. KTTV (福斯廣播公司). 2007-07-26 [2007-08-11]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-22) (英语).
^ Ted Bridis. Hackers claim break-in to Palin's e-mail account. 美联社. 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-08) (英语).
^ Tom Phillips. Sarah Palin's email gets hacked. Metro (英國報紙)(英语:Metro (British newspaper)). 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-20) (英语).
^ M. J. Stephey. Sarah Palin's E-mail Hacked. 時代. 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-19) (英语).
^ David Sarno. 4Chan's half-hack of Palin's email goes awry. 洛杉磯時報. 2008-09-17 [2008-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-07) (英语).
^ Steve Bosak. Suspect Nabbed in Palin E-mail Hack. NewsFactor. 2008-09-20 [2008-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-04) (英语).
^ Sandoval, Greg. Who's to blame for spreading phony Jobs story?. CNET新聞. 2008-10-04 [2009-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-28) (英语).
^ Cheng, Jacqui. Friday Apple links: Steve Jobs still not dead edition. Ars Technica. 2008-10-03 [2009-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-09) (英语).
^ 網上示威 攻擊唱片業協會. 東方日報. 2010年9月22日 [2012年9月2日]. (原始内容存档于2016年3月5日) (中文(香港)).
^ Singh, Divyesh. Bollywood hiring cyber hitmen to combat piracy. Daily News & Analysis. 2010-09-05 [2012-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-25) (英语).
^ Saetang, David. RIAA, MPAA Websites Pummeled By 4chan’s Wrath. PC World. 2010-09-20 [2011-10-29]. (原始内容存档于2011-11-13) (英语).
^ 4chan Attack Brings Down MPAA Website. Gawker(英语:Gawker). 2010-09-18 [2011-10-29]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-22) (英语).
^ 110.0 110.1 被外国网友发不雅照 喜多村英梨宣布停用推特. 新浪网. 2012年9月1日 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-05) (中文(中国大陆)).
^ Anime Practical Joke Goes Over The Line And Incites Mass Flaming. Kotaku. 2012-08-30 [2013-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-02) (英语).
^ GamerGate: Misogyny or corruption in the gaming community?. 半岛电视台. 2014-09-03 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ How Zoe Quinn Screwed Her Way Through The Video Game Industry. Return of Kings. 2014-08-21 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ No, Zoe Quinn's Sexual Affairs Aren't a "Private Matter". Talking Ship. 2014-08-19 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-06) (英语).
^ The Zoe Quinn Controversy: Just the Facts. 8CN. 2014-08-19 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ Exclusive: 4Chan and Quinn Respond to Gamergate Chat Logs. The Escapist. 2014-09-07 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-10) (英语).
^ Gamergate: the community is eating itself but there should be room for all. 衛報. 2014-09-03 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-16) (英语).
^ 4chan hacks and doxes Zoe Quinn's biggest supporter. The Daily Dot. 2014-08-22 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06) (英语).
^ Zoe Quinn, Phil Fish and the Great Social Justice Swindle. Matt Forney. 2014-08-25 (英语). [永久失效連結]
^ Phil Fish and Polytron allegedly doxxed. Continue Play. 2014-08-22 [2014-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-07) (英语).
^ Chris Dolmetsch, David Voreacos. Wisconsin Man Is Charged in Fake NFL Stadium Threats. 彭博新聞社. 2006-10-20 [2006-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26) (英语).
^ Roy Mark. Man Charged in Internet Bomb Threats. InternetNews.com. 2006-10-20 [2008-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-29) (英语).
^ Pierre Thomas. NFL Stadium Threat: Officials Skeptical But Issue Warning. ABC新聞. 2006-10-16 [2008-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-13) (英语).
^ Ronald Smothers. Man, 20, Arrested in Stadium Threat Hoax. 紐約時報. 2006-10-20 [2007-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-12) (英语).
^ Sharon Gaudin. Man gets six months for posting terror threat online. Computerworld. 2008-06-16 [2008-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-12) (英语).
^ 4chanarchive — Thread 39101047. 4chanarchive.com. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-05) (英语).
^ 4chanarchive — Thread 39168208. 4chanarchive.com. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-02-21) (英语).
^ Pflugerville Student Arrested After Posting Bomb Threats. KXAN-TV. 2007-09-12 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2007-10-11) (英语).
^ Police Investigate Bomb Threat at Pflugerville High School. 福斯廣播公司. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-10) (英语).
^ Teen arrested for threatening to blow up school. Twean News Channel of Austin, L.P. d.b.a. News 8 Austin. 2007-09-11 [2012-02-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-24) (英语).
^ Juvenile arrested in Pflugerville H.S. bomb threat. KVUE. 2007-09-11 [2008-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-06) (英语).
^ Letter from Pflugerville Highschool. Pflugerville High School. [2008-09-11] (英语). [永久失效連結]
^ Hudson, Fiona; Houlihan, Liam. Student faces jail over online joke. Herald Sun(英语:Herald Sun) (新闻集团). 2007-12-09 [2008-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-06) (英语).
^ Shaun Davies. Mall massacre hoax accused dies. ninemsn. 2008-07-31 [2008-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2008-08-05) (英语).
^ Sivesson, Sara. Hemsidan som chockar "vuxen-Sverige". realtid.se (Alternativ Media Stockholm AB). 2009-02-04 [2009-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-06) (瑞典语).
^ Sæby, Inger-Marit. Svensk skole evakueres etter trusler. Verdens Gang. 2009-02-04 [2009-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-05) (挪威语).
^ Young man arrested over school threat. The Local / Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå. 2009-02-04 [2009-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-05) (英语).
^ David George-Cosh. Online group declares war on Scientology. National Post. 2008-01-25 [2008-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-03) (英语).
^ Parmy Olson. 4Chan创始人:悼念死去的“互联网文化”. 福布斯中文网. 2012-12-21 [2013-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-27) (中文(中国大陆)).
^ Tresa Baldas. Man, 21, posts bond in child porn case over Facebook postings. Detroit Free Press. 2012-03-02 [2012-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-12) (英语).
^ 刑事申訴, United States of America v. THADDEUS LEWIS MCMICHAEL (PDF). (案件卷宗 1, 2), 美國地方法院密歇根東區 (9頁), 2012-02-29 備案
^ Jennifer Lawrence, Kate Upton, Ariana Grande Among Celebrities Exposed in Massive Nude Photo Leak. 綜藝. [2014-09-03]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-03) (英语).
^ 新西兰枪击案犯打“白人至上”手势,该赖特朗普?. new.qq.com. [2019-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-11).
^ 网易. 新西兰枪击案嫌犯比. news.163.com. 2019-03-16 [2019-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-11).
^ 《鬥陣特攻》不准比「OK」!官方禁止OWL粉絲使用白人至上手勢 | 電競. 新頭殼 Newtalk. 2019-04-06 [2019-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-11) (中文(臺灣)).
^ Jason Kincaid. AT&T Reportedly Blocks 4chan. This Is Going To Get Ugly.. Tech Crunch. 2009-07-26 [2012-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-23) (英语).
^ AT&T Blocking Access to Portions of 4chan (Updated Again). Christopher Price. CentralGadget. 2006-07-26 [2006-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-07) (英语).
^ AT&T Confirms 4chan Block After DoS Attack. Chloe Albanesius. PC Magazine. 2009-07-27 [2009-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-22) (英语).
^ moot. IF ONLY IT GREW ON TREES. 4chan News. 2012-09-18 (英语).
^ moot. 4CHAN PASS. 4chan News. 2012-09-28 (英语).
外部連結[编辑]
4chan網站
catalog.neet.tv (4chan貼圖版目錄)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
archive.moe檔案
4chan X 用戶腳本(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (支持Google Chrome,Firefox與Opera)
其他檔案(Yotsuba archiver):
warosu (/cgl/ /ck/ /jp/ /lit/ /q/ /tg/)
RBT(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/cgl/ /g/ /mu/ /soc/ /w/)
/e/檔案
Love is Over(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/d/ /h/ /v/)
Nyafuu(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/c/ /w/ /wg/)
The Dark Cave (/c/ /int/ /out/ /po/)
4plebs(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (/hr/ /tg/ /tv/ /x/)
查论编另类右翼思想
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网站
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綠帽保守主義
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取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4chan&oldid=79697033”
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4chan - Wikipedia
4chan - Wikipedia
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1Background
2History
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2.1Christopher Poole
3Notable imageboards
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3.1/b/
3.2/mlp/
3.3/mu/
3.4/pol/
3.5/r9k/
3.6/sci/
3.7/v/
3.8/vp/
3.9/x/
4Internet culture
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4.1Early internet memes
4.2Anonymous and anti-Scientology activism
4.3My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic fandom
4.4"This post is art"
5Controversies and harassment incidents
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5.1Internet raids
5.2Threats of violence
5.3Incidents of child pornography
5.4Celebrity photo leaks
5.5Gamergate
5.6Murder in Port Orchard, Washington
5.7Death of Jeffrey Epstein
5.82022 Buffalo shooting
6ISP bans
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6.1AT&T temporary ban
6.2Verizon temporary ban
6.3Telstra ban
6.4New Zealand
7See also
8Notes
9References
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9.1Bibliography
10Further reading
11External links
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4chan
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Anonymous imageboard website
4chanHomepage on May 3, 2023Type of siteImageboardAvailable inEnglishOwnerHiroyuki NishimuraCreated byChristopher PooleURL
4chan.org
CommercialYesRegistrationNone available (except for staff)LaunchedOctober 1, 2003; 20 years ago (2003-10-01)[1]
4chan is an anonymous English-language imageboard website. Launched by Christopher "moot" Poole in October 2003, the site hosts boards dedicated to a wide variety of topics, from video games and television to literature, cooking, weapons, music, history, anime, fitness, politics, and sports, among others. Registration is not available and users typically post anonymously.[2] As of 2022[update], 4chan receives more than 22 million unique monthly visitors, of which approximately half are from the United States.[3][4]
4chan was created as an unofficial English-language counterpart to the Japanese imageboard Futaba Channel, also known as 2chan, and its first boards were originally used for posting images and discussion related to anime. The site has been described as a hub of Internet subculture, its community being influential in the formation and popularization of prominent Internet memes, such as lolcats, Rickrolling, rage comics, wojaks, Pepe the Frog, as well as hacktivist and political movements, such as Anonymous and the alt-right. 4chan has often been the subject of media attention as a source of controversies, including the coordination of pranks and harassment against websites and Internet users, and the posting of illegal and offensive content as a result of its lax censorship and moderation policies. In 2008, The Guardian summarized the 4chan community as "lunatic, juvenile (...) brilliant, ridiculous and alarming".[5]
Background
Christopher Poole, 4chan's founder, at XOXO Festival in 2012
The majority of posting on 4chan takes place on imageboards, on which users have the ability to share images and create threaded discussions.[6][7] As of August 2022[update], the site's homepage lists 75 imageboards and one Flash animation board. Most boards have their own set of rules and are dedicated to a specific topic, including anime and manga, video games, music, literature, fitness, politics, and sports, among others. Uniquely, the "Random" board—also known as /b/—enforces no particular rules.[8]
4chan is the Internet's most trafficked imageboard, according to the Los Angeles Times.[9] 4chan's Alexa rank was 853 on March 2022,[10] though it has been as high as 56.[11] It is provided to its users free of charge and consumes a large amount of bandwidth; as a result, its financing has often been problematic. Poole has acknowledged that donations alone could not keep the site online, and turned to advertising to help make ends meet.[12] However, the explicit content hosted on 4chan has deterred businesses who do not want to be associated with the site's content.[13] In January 2009, Poole signed a new deal with an advertising company; in February 2009, he was $20,000 in debt, and the site was continuing to lose money.[14] The 4chan servers were moved from Texas to California in August 2008, which upgraded the maximum bandwidth throughput of 4chan from 100Mbit/s to 1Gbit/s.[15]
Unlike most web forums, 4chan does not have a registration system, allowing users to post anonymously.[16][17] Posting is ephemeral, as threads receiving recent replies are "bumped" to the top of their respective board and old threads are deleted as new ones are created.[2] Any nickname may be used when posting, even one that has been previously adopted, such as "Anonymous" or "moot".[18] In place of registration, 4chan has provided tripcodes as an optional form of authenticating a poster's identity.[19] As making a post without filling in the "Name" field causes posts to be attributed to "Anonymous", general understanding on 4chan holds that Anonymous is not a single person but a collective (hive) of users.[20] Moderators generally post without a name even when performing sysop actions. A "capcode" may be used to attribute the post to "Anonymous ## Mod", although moderators often post without the capcode.[21] In a 2011 interview on Nico Nico Douga, Poole explained that there are approximately 20 volunteer moderators active on 4chan.[note 1] 4chan also has a junior moderation team, called "janitors", who may delete posts or images and suggest that the normal moderation team ban a user, but who cannot post with a capcode. Revealing oneself as a janitor is grounds for immediate dismissal.[22]
4chan has been the target of occasional denial of service attacks. For instance, on December 28, 2010, 4chan and other websites went down due to such an attack, following which Poole said on his blog, "We now join the ranks of MasterCard, Visa, PayPal, etc and is an exclusive club!"[23]
History
The site was launched as 4chan.net on October 1, 2003, by Christopher Poole, a then-15-year-old student from New York City using the online handle "moot".[24] Poole had been a regular participant on Something Awful's subforum "Anime Death Tentacle Rape Whorehouse" (ADTRW), where many users were familiar with the Japanese imageboard format and Futaba Channel ("2chan.net").[16] When creating 4chan, Poole obtained Futaba Channel's open source code and translated the Japanese text into English using AltaVista's Babel Fish online translator.[note 1][25] After the site's creation, Poole invited users from the ADTRW subforum, many of whom were dissatisfied with the site's moderation, to visit 4chan, which he advertised as an English-language counterpart to Futaba Channel and a place for Western fans to discuss anime and manga.[7][26][27] At its founding, the site only hosted one board: /b/ (Anime/Random).[note 1]
Before the end of 2003, several new anime-related boards were added, including /h/ (Hentai), /c/ (Anime/Cute), /d/ (Hentai/Alternative), /w/ (Wallpapers/Anime), /y/ (Yaoi), and /a/ (Anime). In the early days of the website, Poole hosted meetings from 2005 to 2008 in various locations to promote it, such as Otakon,[29] that popularized some of the first 4chan-related memes.
Additionally, a lolicon board was created at /l/ (Lolikon),[30] but was disabled following the posting of genuine child pornography and ultimately deleted in October 2004, after threats of legal action.[31][32] In February 2004, GoDaddy suspended the 4chan.net domain, prompting Poole to move the site to its current domain at 4chan.org. On March 1, 2004, Poole announced that he lacked the funds to pay the month's server bill, but was able to continue operations after receiving a swarm of donations from users.[33] In June 2004, 4chan experienced six weeks of downtime after PayPal suspended 4chan's donations service after receiving complaints about the site's content.[34]
Following 4chan's return, several non-anime related boards were introduced, including /k/ (Weapons), /o/ (Auto), and /v/ (Video Games).[35] In 2008, nine new boards were created, including the sports board at /sp/, the fashion board at /fa/ and the "Japan/General" (the name later changed to "Otaku Culture") board at /jp/.[36] By this point, 4chan's culture had altered, moving away from the "early, more childish," humour, as evident by the likes of Project Chanology; trolling underwent a so-called "golden age", taking aim at American corporate media.[37][38]
In January 2011, Poole announced the deletion of the /r9k/ ("ROBOT9000") and /new/ (News) boards, saying that /new/ had become devoted to racist discussions, and /r9k/ no longer served its original purpose of being a test implementation of xkcd's ROBOT9000 script.[39] During the same year, the /soc/ board was created in an effort to reduce the number of socialization threads on /b/. /r9k/ was restored on October 23, 2011, along with /hc/ ("Hardcore", previously deleted), /pol/ (a rebranding of /new/) and the new /diy/ board, in addition to an apology by Poole where he recalls how he criticized the deletion of Encyclopedia Dramatica and realized that he had done the same.[citation needed]
In 2010, 4chan had implemented reCAPTCHA in an effort to thwart spam arising from JavaScript worms. By November 2011, 4chan made the transition to utilizing Cloudflare following a series of DDoS attacks. The 4chan imageboards were rewritten in valid HTML5/CSS3 in May 2012 in an effort to improve client-side performance.[15] On September 28, 2012, 4chan introduced a "4chan pass"[40] that, when purchased, "allows users to bypass typing a reCAPTCHA verification when posting and reporting posts on the 4chan image boards"; the money raised from the passes will go towards supporting the site.[41]
Hiroyuki Nishimura, the owner of 4chan since 2015
On January 21, 2015, Poole stepped down as the site's administrator, citing stress from controversies such as Gamergate as the reason for his departure.[42][43][44] On September 21, 2015, Poole announced that Hiroyuki Nishimura had purchased from him the ownership rights to 4chan, without disclosing the terms of the acquisition.[27][45][46] Nishimura was the former administrator of 2channel between 1999 and 2014, the website forming the basis for anonymous posting culture which influenced later websites such as Futaba Channel and 4chan;[47] Nishimura lost 2channel's domain after it was seized by his registrar, Jim Watkins,[48][49] after the latter alleged financial difficulties.[50] Wired later reported that Japanese toy manufacturer Good Smile Company, Japanese telecommunication Dwango, and Nishimura's company Future Search Brazil may have helped facilitate Nishimura's purchase, with anonymous sources telling the publication that Good Smile obtained partial ownership in the website as compensation.[51]
In October 2016, it was reported that the site was facing financial difficulties that could lead to its closure or radical changes.[52] In a post titled "Winter is Coming", Hiroyuki Nishimura said, "We had tried to keep 4chan as is. But I failed. I am sincerely sorry", citing server costs, infrastructure costs, and network fees.[53]
On November 17, 2018, it was announced that the site would be split into two, with the work-safe boards moved to a new domain, 4channel.org, while the NSFW boards would remain on the 4chan.org domain. In a series of posts on the topic, Nishimura explained that the split was due to 4chan being blacklisted by most advertising companies and that the new 4channel domain would allow for the site to receive advertisements by mainstream ad providers.[54] All boards returned to the 4chan.org domain in December 2023 for unknown reasons, and 4channel.org now redirects to 4chan.org.
In a 2020 interview with Vice Media, several current or past moderators spoke about what they perceived as racist intent behind the site's management. They alleged that a managing moderator named RapeApe was attempting to use the site as a recruitment tool for the alt-right, and that Nishimura was "hands-off, leaving moderation of the site primarily to RapeApe." Neither Nishimura nor RapeApe responded to these allegations.[55] Far-right extremism has been reported by public authorities, commentators and civil society groups as connected, in part, to 4chan, an association that had arisen by 2015.[56][57] According to 4chan's filings to the New York Attorney General's Office, 4chan signed an agreement to pay RapeApe $3,000 a month for their services in 2015. By May 2022, that fee had risen to $4,400 a month. The submitted documents also revealed RapeApe lamenting that 4chan was "getting the shaft" over the Buffalo terrorist attack and his attempt to persuade the advertising platform Bid.Glass to reverse their exit from the website.[58]
Christopher Poole
Poole kept his real-life identity hidden until it was revealed on July 9, 2008, in The Wall Street Journal. Prior to that, he had used the alias "moot".[24]
In April 2009, Poole was voted the world's most influential person of 2008 by an open Internet poll conducted by Time magazine.[59] The results were questioned even before the poll completed, as automated voting programs and manual ballot stuffing were used to influence the vote.[60][61][62] 4chan's interference with the vote seemed increasingly likely, when it was found that reading the first letter of the first 21 candidates in the poll spelled out a phrase containing two 4chan memes: "mARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME."[63]
On September 12, 2009, Poole gave a talk on why 4chan has a reputation as a "Meme Factory" at the Paraflows Symposium in Vienna, Austria, which was part of the Paraflows 09 festival, themed Urban Hacking. In this talk, Poole mainly attributed this to the anonymous system, and to the lack of data retention on the site ("The site has no memory.").[64][65]
In April 2010, Poole gave evidence in the trial United States of America v. David Kernell as a government witness.[66] As a witness, he explained the terminology used on 4chan to the prosecutor, ranging from "OP" to "lurker". He also explained to the court the nature of the data given to the FBI as part of the search warrant, including how users can be uniquely identified from site audit logs.[67]
Notable imageboards
/b/
Main article: /b/
The "random" board, /b/, follows the design of Futaba Channel's Nijiura board. It was the first board created, and has been described as 4chan's most popular board, accounting for 30% of site traffic in 2009.[68][69][2] Gawker's Nick Douglas summarized /b/ as a board where "people try to shock, entertain, and coax free porn from each other."[6] /b/ has a "no rules" policy, except for bans on certain illegal content, such as child pornography, invasions of other websites (posting floods of disruptive content), and under-18 viewing, all of which are inherited from site-wide rules. The "no invasions" rule was added in late 2006, after /b/ users spent most of that summer "invading" Habbo Hotel. The "no rules" policy also applies to actions of administrators and moderators, which means that users may be banned at any time, for any reason, including for no reason at all.[70] Due partially to its anonymous nature, board moderation is not always successful—indeed, the site's anti-child pornography rule is a subject of jokes on /b/.[11] Christopher Poole told The New York Times, in a discussion on the moderation of /b/, that "the power lies in the community to dictate its own standards" and that site staff simply provided a framework.[71]
The humor of /b/'s many users, who refer to themselves as "/b/tards",[71][72] is often incomprehensible to newcomers and outsiders, and is characterized by intricate inside jokes and dark comedy.[72] Users often refer to each other, and much of the outside world, as fags.[11] They are often referred to by outsiders as trolls, who regularly act with the intention of "doing it for the lulz", a corruption of "LOL" used to denote amusement at another's expense.[71][73] A significant amount of media coverage is in response to /b/'s culture, which has characterised it as adolescent, crude[71][11] and spiteful,[6] with one publication writing that their "bad behavior is encouraged by the site's total anonymity and the absence of an archive".[2][74] Douglas cited Encyclopedia Dramatica's definition of /b/ as "the asshole of the Internets [sic]".[6] Mattathias Schwartz of The New York Times likened /b/ to "a high-school bathroom stall, or an obscene telephone party line",[71] while Baltimore City Paper wrote that "in the high school of the Internet, /b/ is the kid with a collection of butterfly knives and a locker full of porn."[11] Wired describes /b/ as "notorious".[72]
Each post is assigned a post number. Certain post numbers are sought after with a large amount of posting taking place to "GET" them. A "GET" occurs when a post's number ends in a special number, such as 12345678, 22222222, or every millionth post.[75] A sign of 4chan's scaling, according to Poole, was when GETs lost meaning due to the high post rate resulting in a GET occurring every few weeks. He estimated /b/'s post rate in July 2008 to be 150,000–200,000 posts per day.[76]
/mlp/
See also: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom
/mlp/ is 4chan's Pony board, which is dedicated to the discussion of Hasbro's My Little Pony franchise, particularly the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic and its spin-offs. While discussion of the show on 4chan initially began on /co/ (the comics and cartoons board), /mlp/ was eventually created in 2012 to discourage its proliferation to other boards.[77] As of October 2022[update], in accordance to 4chan's global rules, pony-related threads and images may only be posted on /mlp/.[8]
First proposed in early 2019, the Pony Preservation Project is a "collaborative effort by /mlp/ to build and curate pony datasets" with the aim of creating applications in artificial intelligence.[78][79][80] The developer of the popular text-to-speech web application 15.ai has worked closely with the Pony Preservation Project. The Friendship Is Magic voices on 15.ai were trained on a large dataset crowdsourced by the Pony Preservation Project: audio and dialogue from the show and related media—including all nine seasons of Friendship Is Magic, the 2017 movie, spinoffs, leaks, and various other content voiced by the same voice actors—were parsed, hand-transcribed, and processed to remove background noise by the contributors of the Pony Preservation Project. According to the developer, the collective efforts and constructive criticism from the Pony Preservation Project have been integral to the development of 15.ai.[78]
/mu/
The music board, /mu/, is dedicated to the discussion of music artists, albums, genres, instruments.[81] Described as "4chan's best kept secret" and a "surprisingly artistic side of 4chan", /mu/ is used by users to share their music interests with similar minds and discover "great music they would never have found otherwise" with many moments of insightful candor that can affirm or challenge their own musical tastes.[82][83] The board has gained notoriety for earnestly focusing upon and promoting challenging and otherwise obscure music.[84][85] Some common genres discussed on /mu/ include shoegaze,[86] experimental hip hop,[83] witch house,[82][87] IDM,[88] midwest emo,[89] vaporwave,[90] and K-pop.[82] There is a significant overlap between user bases of /mu/ and music site Rate Your Music.[91] The board's culture has inspired many online music communities and meme pages on social media that emulate /mu/'s posting style.[92]
Publications such as Pitchfork and Entertainment Weekly noted the board played a significant role in popularizing various music artists, such as Death Grips,[93][94] Neutral Milk Hotel,[95] Car Seat Headrest,[96] and Have a Nice Life.[97][98][99] Prominent music critic Anthony Fantano began his career on /mu/ and developed a significant following there.[100] Some artists, like Zeal & Ardor and Conrad Tao, admitted to posting their music anonymously on /mu/ to get honest feedback, as well as find inspiration from the board.[101][87] In particular, Zeal & Ardor said their sound, which mixes black metal with spirituals, came from suggestions by two users.[101] Andrew W.K. did a Q&A with the board's users in 2011, causing the servers to crash from the increased traffic.[102] Death Grips seeded various clues on /mu/ in 2012 about their then-upcoming albums The Money Store and No Love Deep Web.[103] A rendition of "Royals" by Lorde appeared on /mu/ in 2012 before its official release, although she denied ever writing on the board in 2014.[104] Singer Lauren Mayberry shared on Twitter in 2015 a link to a thread on /mu/ about her band's song "Leave a Trace" to showcase what online misogyny looks like.[105] An alleged unreleased Radiohead song, titled "Putting Ketchup in the Fridge" and "How Do You Sit Still", was initially reported as genuine by NME and Spin until CNN revealed it was a hoax promoted by the board's users.[106][107]
The board has been acknowledged for sharing rare music recordings and unreleased materials, as well as finding albums thought to be lost. Notable examples include the works of Duster,[108] D>E>A>T>H>M>E>T>A>L by Panchiko,[109] and All Lights Fucked on the Hairy Amp Drooling by Godspeed You! Black Emperor.[110] This was described by NPR as resembling "a secret club of preservationists obsessed with the articulation of a near-dead language".[108] The board has attracted further attention for various projects done by its users. A group called The Pablo Collective posted a 4-track remix album of Kanye West's The Life of Pablo titled The Death of Pablo to /mu/, claiming it was based on a recurring dream from one of the board's users.[111] A role-playing game based on Neutral Milk Hotel's In the Aeroplane Over the Sea, designed with help from the board's users, received coverage from Polygon[112] and Pitchfork.[113]
/pol/
Main article: /pol/
/pol/ ("Politically Incorrect") is 4chan's political discussion board. A stickied thread on its front page states that the board's intended purpose is "discussion of news, world events, political issues, and other related topics."[114] /pol/ was created in October 2011 as a rebranding of 4chan's news board, /new/,[115][116] which was deleted that January for a high volume of racist discussion.[39][115]
Although there had previously been a strong left-libertarian contingent to 4chan activists, there was a gradual rightward turn on 4chan's politics board in the early-mid 2010s, with the fundamentalist approach to free speech contributing.[56][117] The board quickly attracted posters with a political persuasion that later would be described with a new term, the alt-right.[118] Media sources have characterized /pol/ as predominantly racist and sexist, with many of its posts taking an explicitly neo-Nazi bent.[119][120][121][122] The site's far-reaching culture of vitriolic and discriminatory content is "most closely associated" with /pol/, although only it features predominant Alt-Right beliefs; /pol/, like other boards, has been prominent in the dissemination of memes, in cases, featuring coordination to disperse Alt-Right sentiments.[4][56] /pol/ "increasingly became synonymous with 4chan as a whole".[123] The Southern Poverty Law Center regards /pol/'s rhetorical style as widely emulated by white supremacist websites such as The Daily Stormer; the Stormer's editor, Andrew Anglin, concurred.[120] /pol/ was where screenshots of Trayvon Martin's hacked social media accounts were initially posted.[124][125] The board's users have started antifeminist, homophobic, transphobic, and anti-Arab Twitter campaigns.[121][126][127][128]
Many /pol/ users favored Donald Trump during his 2016 United States presidential campaign. Both Trump and his son, Donald Trump Jr., appeared to acknowledge the support by tweeting /pol/-associated memes. Upon his successful election, a /pol/ moderator embedded a pro-Trump video at the top of all of the board's pages.[129][130][131][132]
/r9k/
/r9k/ is a board which implements Randall Munroe's "ROBOT9000" algorithm, where no exact reposts are permitted.[133] It is credited as the origin of the "greentext" rhetorical style which often center around stories of social interactions and resulting ineptness.[37][134] By 2012, personal confession stories of self-loathing, depression, and attempted suicide began to supersede /b/-style roleplaying, otaku, and video game discussion.[135][136]
It became a popular gathering place for the controversial online incel community.[137][138] The "beta uprising" or "beta rebellion" meme, the idea of taking revenge against women, jocks and others perceived as the cause of incels' problems, was popularized on the subsection.[139][140] It gained more traction on the forum following the 2015 Umpqua Community College shooting, where it is believed that hours prior to the murders, while other users encouraged him, 26-year-old perpetrator Chris Harper-Mercer also warned people not to go to school, "...in the Northwest."[141][142][143] The perpetrator of the Toronto van attack referenced 4chan and an incel rebellion in a Facebook post he made prior to the attack, while praising self-identified incel Elliot Rodger, the killer behind the 2014 Isla Vista killings.[144][145] He claims to have talked with both Harper-Mercer and Rodger on Reddit and 4chan and believes that he was part of a "beta uprising", also posting a message on 4chan about his intention the day before his attack.[146][147]
/sci/
/sci/ is 4chan's science and mathematics board. On September 26, 2011, an anonymous user on /sci/ posted a question regarding the shortest possible way to watch all possible orders of episodes of the anime The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya in nonchronological order. Shortly after, an anonymous user responded with a mathematical proof that argued viewers would have to watch at least 93,884,313,611 episodes to see all possible orderings. Seven years later, professional mathematicians recognized the mathematical proof as a partial solution to a superpermutations problem that was unsolved for 25 years. Australian mathematician Greg Egan later published a proof inspired by the proof from the anonymous 4chan user, both of which are recognized as significant advances to the problem.[148]
/v/
/v/ is 4chan's video games board. The board has spawned multiple Internet memes, most notably the NPC Wojak in 2016 (derived from the gaming term non-player character to describe those who do not think for themselves or make their own conscious decisions).[149]
/vp/
/vp/ is 4chan's Pokémon board. Developed by members of /vp/, Pokémon Sage is an upcoming role-playing fangame that is set to feature an entirely new region, plot, and cast of human characters and Pokémon creatures.[150][151][152]
On April 11, 2020, an anonymous user leaked the source codes of Pokémon Blue and Yellow, which contained references to Pokémon Pink, a canceled companion game to Pokémon Yellow.[153]
/x/
The collaborative writing wiki-project SCP Foundation originated on /x/ in 2007.
The "paranormal" board, /x/, is dedicated to discussing topics regarding unexplained phenomena, the supernatural, and non-political conspiracy theories. /x/ was initially launched in January 2005 as 4chan's general photography board; in February 2007, it was repurposed as a paranormal-themed board.[154]
Many of the earliest creepypastas (Internet horror-related legends) were created on /x/.[155] The idea of the Backrooms gained popularity thanks to a thread on /x/ created on 12 May 2019, where the users were asked to "post disquieting images that just feel 'off'." There, the first photo depicting the Backrooms was uploaded and another user commented on it with the first story about the Backrooms, claiming that one enters the Backrooms when they "noclip out of reality in the wrong areas". After the 4chan post gained fame, several Internet users wrote horror stories relating to the Backrooms. Many memes were created and shared across social media, further popularizing the creepypasta.[156]
American model Allison Harvard first gained notoriety in 2005 as an Internet meme on the /x/ board where she became known as Creepy Chan.[157] Known for her large eyes and peculiar interests like fascination with blood, photos she posted on her blog were widely circulated on the board. She gained mainstream notoriety in 2009 and again in 2011 by appearing on America's Next Top Model. She would visit /x/ after new episodes of America's Next Top Model would air to see what was being written about her and participated in discussions.[158]
The SCP Foundation, a fictional secret organization documented by the collaborative writing wiki project of the same name, originated on /x/ in 2007, when the very first SCP file, SCP-173, was posted by an anonymous user.[159] Initially a stand-alone short story, many additional SCP files were created shortly after; these new SCPs copied SCP-173's style and were set within the same fictional universe. A stand-alone wiki was created in January 2008 on the EditThis wiki hosting service to display the SCP articles. The EditThis website did not have moderators, or the ability to delete articles. Members communicated through individual article talk pages and the /x/ board.[160]
/x/ was the first place where the 2015 viral video 11B-X-1371 was posted.[161] The board also contributed to investigating and popularizing the controversial Sad Satan video game.[162]
Internet culture
Early internet memes
"[A] significant and influential element of contemporary internet culture", 4chan is responsible for many early memes and the site has received positive attention for its association with memes.[2][4] This included "So I herd u liek mudkipz" [sic], which involved a phrase based on Pokémon and which generated numerous YouTube tribute videos,[16] and the term "an hero" [sic] as a synonym for suicide, after a misspelling in the Myspace online memorial of seventh grader Mitchell Henderson.[163] 4chan and other websites, such as the satirical Encyclopedia Dramatica, have also contributed to the development of significant amounts of leetspeak.[164]
A lolcat image using the "I'm in ur..." format
A lolcat is an image combining a photograph of a cat with solecistic text intended to contribute humour, widely popularized by 4chan in the form of a weekly post dedicated to them and a corresponding theme.[165][166]
In 2005, the installment of a word filter which changed "egg" to "duck", and thus "eggroll" to "duckroll", across 4chan led to a bait-and-switch meme in which users deceitfully linked to a picture of a duck on wheels.[167] This was then modified into users linking to the music video for Rick Astley's 1987 song "Never Gonna Give You Up". Thus, the "rickroll" was born.[38]
A link to the YouTube video of Tay Zonday's song "Chocolate Rain" was posted on /b/ on July 11, 2007 and then subsequently circulated by users, becoming a very popular internet meme.[168][169][170] The portion of the song in which Zonday turns away from the microphone, with a caption stating "I move away from the mic to breathe in", became an oft-repeated meme on 4chan and inspired remixes.[168][171] Fellow YouTuber Boxxy's popularity was due in part to 4chan.[172]
In his American incarnation, Pedobear is an anthropomorphic bear child predator that is often used within the community to mock contributors showing a sexual interest in children.[173] Pedobear is one of the most popular memes on non-English imageboards, and has gained recognition across Europe, appearing in offline publications.[174][175] It has been used as a symbol of pedophilia by Maltese graffiti vandals prior to a papal visit.[176]
Anonymous and anti-Scientology activism
See also: Anonymous (hacker group) and Project Chanology
Protests against Scientology
4chan has been labeled as the starting point of the Anonymous meme by The Baltimore City Paper,[11] due to the norm of posts signed with the "Anonymous" moniker. The National Post's David George-Cosh said it has been "widely reported" that Anonymous is associated with 4chan and 711chan, as well as numerous Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channels.[177]
Through its association with Anonymous, 4chan has become associated with Project Chanology, a worldwide protest against the Church of Scientology held by members of Anonymous. On January 15, 2008, a 4chan user posted to /b/, suggesting participants "do something big" against the Church of Scientology's website. This message resulted in the Church receiving threatening phone calls. It quickly grew into a large real-world protest. Unlike previous Anonymous attacks, this action was characterized by 4chan memes including rickrolls and Guy Fawkes masks. The raid drew criticism from some 4chan users who felt it would bring the site undesirable attention.[11]
My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic fandom
Main article: My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic fandom
The adult fandom and subculture dedicated to the children's animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic began on the "Comics & Cartoons" (/co/) board of 4chan. The show was first discussed with some interest around its debut in October 2010.[77][178][179][180][181] The users of /co/ took a heightened interest in the show after a critical Cartoon Brew article was shared, resulting in praise for its plot, characters, and animation style.[77] Discussion of the show extended to /b/, eventually to a point of contention. Discussion then spread forth to communities external to 4chan, including the establishment of the fan websites, causing the show to reach a wider audience across the internet.[77]
"This post is art"
On July 30, 2014, an anonymous user made a reply in a thread on the board /pol/ "Politically Incorrect" of 4chan, criticizing modern art in an ironic fashion, saying:
Art used to be something to cherish
Now literally anything could be art
This post is art.— Anonymous[182]
Less than an hour later the post was photographed off the screen and framed by another user who posted another reply in the thread with a photo of the framed quote. Later the user, after endorsement by other anonymous users in the thread, created an auction on eBay for the framed photo which quickly rose to high prices, culminating in a price of $90,900.[183][184][185][186]
Controversies and harassment incidents
Internet raids
See also: Anonymous (hacker group) § 4chan raids (2003–2007), and Sarah Palin email hack
Anonymous, a decentralized hacktivist movement that saw its origins from /b/
According to The Washington Post, "the site's users have managed to pull off some of the highest-profile collective actions in the history of the Internet."[187]
Users of 4chan and other websites "raided" Hal Turner by launching DDoS attacks and prank calling his phone-in radio show during December 2006 and January 2007. The attacks caused Turner's website to go offline. This cost thousands of dollars of bandwidth bills according to Turner. In response, Turner sued 4chan, 7chan, and other websites; however, he lost his plea for an injunction and failed to receive letters from the court.[188]
KTTV Fox 11 aired a report on Anonymous, calling them a group of "hackers on steroids", "domestic terrorists", and collectively an "Internet hate machine" on July 26, 2007.[189] Slashdot founder Rob Malda posted a comment made by another Slashdot user, Miang, stating that the story focused mainly on users of "4chan, 7chan and 420chan". Miang claimed that the report "seems to confuse /b/ raids and motivational poster templates with a genuine threat to the American public", arguing that the "unrelated" footage of a van exploding shown in the report was to "equate anonymous posting with domestic terror".[190]
On July 10, 2008, the swastika CJK unicode character (卐) appeared at the top of Google's Hot Trends list—a tally of the most used search terms in the United States—for several hours. It was later reported that the HTML numeric character reference for the symbol had been posted on /b/, with a request to perform a Google search for the string. A multitude of /b/ visitors followed the order and pushed the symbol to the top of the chart, though Google later removed the result.[9]
Later that year, the private Yahoo! Mail account of Sarah Palin, Republican vice presidential candidate in the 2008 United States presidential election, was hacked by a 4chan user. The hacker posted the account's password on /b/, and screenshots from within the account to WikiLeaks.[191] A /b/ user then logged in and changed the password, posting a screenshot of him sending an email to a friend of Palin's informing her of the new password on the /b/ thread. However, he forgot to blank out the password in the screenshot.[192] A multitude of /b/ users attempted to log in with the new password, and the account was automatically locked out by Yahoo!. The incident was criticized by some /b/ users. One user commented, "seriously, /b/. We could have changed history and failed, epically."[193] The FBI and Secret Service began investigating the incident shortly after its occurrence. On September 20 it was revealed they were questioning David Kernell, the son of Democratic Tennessee State Representative Mike Kernell.[194]
The stock price of Apple Inc. fell significantly in October 2008 after a hoax story was submitted to CNN's user-generated news site iReport.com claiming that company CEO Steve Jobs had suffered a major heart attack. The source of the story was traced back to 4chan.[195][196]
In May 2009, members of the site attacked YouTube, posting pornographic videos on the video-sharing platform under names of teenage celebrities.[197] The attack spawned the popular Internet meme and catchphrase "I'm 12 years old and what is this?" as a response to a user comment on one such video. A 4chan member acknowledged being part of the attack, telling BBC News that it was in response to YouTube "deleting music".[198] In January 2010, members of the site attacked YouTube again in response to the suspension of YouTube user lukeywes1234 for failing to meet the minimum age requirement of thirteen.[199] The videos uploaded by the user had apparently become popular with 4chan members, who subsequently became angered after the account was suspended and called for a new wave of pornographic videos to be uploaded to YouTube on January 6, 2010.[199] Later the same year, 4chan made numerous disruptive pranks directed at singer Justin Bieber.[200]
In September 2010, in retaliation against the Bollywood film industry's hiring of Aiplex Software to launch cyberattacks against The Pirate Bay, Anonymous members, recruited through posts on 4chan boards, subsequently initiated their own attacks, dubbed Operation Payback, targeting the website of the Motion Picture Association of America and the Recording Industry Association of America.[201][202][203] The targeted websites usually went offline for a short period of time due to the attacks, before recovering.
The website of the UK law firm ACS:Law, which was associated with an anti-piracy client, was affected by the cyber-attack.[204] In retaliation for the initial attacks being called only a minor nuisance, Anonymous launched more attacks, bringing the site down yet again. After coming back up, the front page accidentally revealed a backup file of the entire website, which contained over 300 megabytes of private company emails, which were leaked to several torrents and across several sites on the Internet.[205] It was suggested that the data leak could cost the law firm up to £500,000 in fines for breaching British Data Protection Laws.[206]
In January 2011, BBC News reported that the law firm announced they were to stop "chasing illegal file-sharers". Head of ACS:Law Andrew Crossley in a statement to a court addressed issues which influenced the decision to back down "I have ceased my work ... I have been subject to criminal attack. My e-mails have been hacked. I have had death threats and bomb threats."[204]
In August 2012, 4chan users attacked a third-party sponsored Mountain Dew campaign, Dub the Dew, where users were asked to submit and vote on name ideas for a green apple flavor of the drink. Users submitted entries such as "Diabeetus", "Fapple", several variations of "Gushing Granny", and "Hitler did nothing wrong".[207][208]
Threats of violence
On October 18, 2006, the Department of Homeland Security warned National Football League officials in Miami, New York City, Atlanta, Seattle, Houston, Oakland, and Cleveland about a possible threat involving the simultaneous use of dirty bombs at stadiums.[209] The threat claimed that the attack would be carried out on October 22, the final day of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.[210] Both the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security expressed doubt concerning the credibility of the threats, but warned the relevant organizations as a precaution.[211] The threat turned out to be an ill-conceived hoax perpetrated by a grocery store clerk in Wisconsin with no terrorist ties. The FBI considered it a clearly frivolous threat and the 20-year-old man was charged with fabricating a terrorist threat, sentenced to six months in prison followed by six months' house arrest, and ordered to pay $26,750 in restitution.[212][213]
Hello, /b/.
On September 11, 2007, at 9:11 am Central time, two pipe bombs will be remote-detonated at Pflugerville High School.
Promptly after the blast, I, along with two ther Anonymous, will charge the building, armed with a Bushmaster AR-15, IMI Galil AR, a vintage, government-issue M1 .30 Carbine, and a Benelli M4 semi auto shotgun.
—The Pflugerville threat[214]
Around midnight on September 11, 2007, a student posted photographs of mock pipe bombs and another photograph of him holding them while saying he would blow up his high school—Pflugerville High School in Pflugerville, Texas—at 9:11 am on September 11.[214] Users of 4chan helped to track him down by finding the perpetrator's father's name in the Exif data of a photograph he took, and contacted the police.[215] He was arrested before school began that day.[216][217][218][219] The incident turned out to be a hoax; the "weapons" were toys and there were no actual bombs.[220]
A 20-year-old from Melbourne, Australia was arrested on December 8, 2007, after apparently posting on 4chan that he was "going to shoot and kill as many people as I can until which time I am incapacitated or killed by the police".[221] The post, accompanied by an image of another man holding a shotgun, threatened a shopping mall near Beverly Hills.[222] While the investigation was still open, he was charged with criminal defamation for a separate incident[223] but died before the case was heard.[224]
On February 4, 2009, a posting on the 4chan /b/ board[225] said there would be a school shooting at St Eskils Gymnasium in Eskilstuna, Sweden, leading 1,250 students and 50 teachers to be evacuated.[226] A 21-year-old man was arrested after 4chan provided the police with the IP address of the poster. Police said that the suspect called it off as a joke, and they released him after they found no indication that the threat was serious.[227][228]
On June 28, 2018, a man was arrested following an indictment by the U.S. Department of Justice "on one count of transmitting in interstate and foreign commerce a threat to injure the person of another."[229] The indictment alleged that he posted anonymously to /pol/ the day after the Unite the Right rally, communicating an intention to attack protestors at an upcoming right-wing demonstration, ostensibly to elicit sympathy for the alt-right movement. "I'm going to bring a Remington 700 and start shooting Alt-right guys. We need sympathy after that landwhale got all the liberals teary eyed, so someone is going to have to make it look like the left is becoming more violent and radicalized. It's a false flag for sure, but I'll be aiming for the more tanned/dark haired muddied jeans in the crowd so real whites won't have to worry," he wrote, according to the indictment.[229]
In 2023, a 38-year-old of Monmouth Junction, New Jersey was arrested for threatening Volusia County, Florida sheriff Mike Chitwood on 4chan due to Chitwood's condemnation of anti-Semitism. According to authorities, the poster, who lived 974 miles away from Volusia County, advocated "shoot[ing] Chitwood in the head and murder[ing] him" in a February 22nd post.[230]
In April of that same year, two other 4chan users, residents of California and Connecticut respectively, were also arrested for threatening to kill Chitwood on 4chan.[231][232]
Incidents of child pornography
A fixture of media attention, child pornography has been posted to 4chan various times.[37][233]
Celebrity photo leaks
Main article: August 2014 celebrity photo leaks
On August 31, 2014, a compromise of user passwords at iCloud allowed a large number of private photographs taken by celebrities to be posted online,[234] initially on 4chan.[235] As a result of the incident, 4chan announced that it would enforce a Digital Millennium Copyright Act policy, which would allow content owners to remove material that had been shared on the site illegally, and would ban users who repeatedly posted stolen material.[236]
Gamergate
See also: Gamergate controversy
Also in August 2014, 4chan was involved in the Gamergate controversy, which began with unsubstantiated allegations about indie game developer Zoë Quinn from an ex-boyfriend, followed by false allegations from anonymous Internet users.[237] The allegations were followed by a harassment campaign against several women in the video game industry, organized by 4chan users,[238] particularly /r9k/.[136] Discussion regarding Gamergate was banned on 4chan due to alleged rule violations, and Gamergate supporters moved to alternate forums such as 8chan.[239][240]
Murder in Port Orchard, Washington
According to court documents filed on November 5, 2014, there were images posted to 4chan that appeared to be of a murder victim. The body was discovered in Port Orchard, Washington, after the images were posted.[241] The posts were accompanied by the text: "Turns out it's way harder to strangle someone to death than it looks on the movies." A later post said: "Check the news for Port Orchard, Washington, in a few hours. Her son will be home from school soon. He'll find her, then call the cops. I just wanted to share the pics before they find me."[241] The victim was Amber Lynn Coplin, aged 30. The suspect, 33-year-old David Michael Kalac, surrendered to police in Oregon later the same day; he was charged with second-degree murder involving domestic violence.[242] Kalac was convicted in April 2017 and was sentenced to 82 years in prison the following month.[243]
Death of Jeffrey Epstein
Main article: Death of Jeffrey Epstein
A report of Jeffrey Epstein's death was posted on /pol/ around 40 minutes before ABC News broke the news. It was originally suspected that the unidentified person who made the posts may have been a first responder, prompting a review by the New York City Fire Department, who later stated that the post did not come from a member of its department.[244][245]
2022 Buffalo shooting
Main article: 2022 Buffalo shooting
On May 14, 2022, a mass shooting occurred at a supermarket in Buffalo, New York, US. The accused, Payton S. Gendron, is reported to have written a racist manifesto released May 12 (two days before the shooting), with the manifesto including birth date and other biographical details, that match the suspect in custody.[246] The author wrote that he began to frequent 4chan, including its Politically Incorrect message board /pol/, beginning in May 2020, where he was exposed to the Great Replacement conspiracy theory.[247]
ISP bans
AT&T temporary ban
On July 26, 2009, AT&T's DSL branch temporarily blocked access to the img.4chan.org domain (host of /b/ and /r9k/), which was initially believed to be an attempt at Internet censorship, and met with hostility on 4chan's part.[248][249] The next day, AT&T issued a statement claiming that the block was put in place after an AT&T customer was affected by a DoS attack originating from IP addresses connected to img.4chan.org, and was an attempt to "prevent this attack from disrupting service for the impacted AT&T customer, and... our other customers." AT&T maintains that the block was not related to the content on 4chan.[250]
4chan's founder Christopher Poole responded with the following:[251][252]
In the end, this wasn't a sinister act of censorship, but rather a bit of a mistake and a poorly executed, disproportionate response on AT&T's part. Whoever pulled the trigger on blackholing the site probably didn't anticipate [nor intend] the consequences of doing so.
We're glad to see this short-lived debacle has prompted renewed interest and debate over net neutrality and Internet censorship—two very important issues that don't get nearly enough attention—so perhaps this was all just a blessing in disguise.
Major news outlets have reported that the issue may be related to the DDoS-ing of 4chan, and that 4chan users suspected the then-owner of Swedish-based website Anontalk.com.[253][254]
Verizon temporary ban
On February 4, 2010, 4chan started receiving reports from Verizon Wireless customers that they were having difficulties accessing the site's image boards. After investigating, Poole found out that only the traffic on port 80 to the boards.4chan.org domain was affected, leading members to believe that the block was intentional. Three days later, Verizon Wireless confirmed that 4chan was "explicitly blocked". The block was lifted several days later.[255]
Telstra ban
On March 20, 2019, Australian telecom company Telstra denied access to millions of Australians to 4chan, 8chan, Zero Hedge and LiveLeak as a reaction to the Christchurch mosque shootings.[256]
New Zealand
Following the Christchurch mosque shootings, numerous ISPs temporarily blocked any site hosting a copy of the livestream of the shooting, including 4chan. The ISPs included Spark, Vodafone, Vocus and 2degrees.[257][258]
See also
Internet portalComedy portal
List of Internet phenomena
Pepe the Frog
International:
8kun/8chan, America
Dvach (2ch), Russia
Ylilauta, Finland
2channel, Japan
Ilbe Storehouse, South Korea
Notes
^ a b c As explained by Poole during a live-video online interview with Hiroyuki Nishimura, founder of 2channel, on the Japanese website Nico Nico Douga during his trip to Japan in 2011.[28]
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^ Binion, Andrew (May 16, 2017). "Port Orchard man sentenced to 82 years for murder". KING-TV. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
^ Winter, Tom; Collins, Ben; Arkin, Daniel (August 14, 2019). "4chan user posted about Jeffrey Epstein's death before it was public". NBC News. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
^ Yancey-Bragg, N'dea (August 13, 2019). "4chan post about Epstein's death before news was public didn't come from FDNY, officials say". USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
^ Collins, Ben (May 14, 2022). "The Buffalo supermarket shooting suspect posted an apparent manifesto repeatedly citing 'Great Replacement' theory". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
^ Closson, Troy (May 14, 2022). "The accused gunman's racist manifesto outlined a plan to kill Black people and referred to 'replacement theory.'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
^ "AT&T Reportedly Blocks 4chan. This Is Going To Get Ugly". TechCrunch. July 26, 2009. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ Price, Christopher (July 26, 2006). "AT&T Blocking Access to Portions of 4chan (Updated Again)". CentralGadget. Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2006.
^ Albanesius, Chloe (July 27, 2009). "AT&T Confirms 4chan Block After DoS Attack". PC Mag. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
^ "4chan Status". July 27, 2009. Archived from the original on April 24, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
^ Albanesius, Chloe (July 27, 2009). "AT&T Confirms 4chan Block After DoS Attack". PCMAG. Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
^ "Feared Hackers Call Off Attack on AT&T". Fox News. July 28, 2009. Archived from the original on July 29, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
^ The Bryant Park Project (July 22, 2008). "When Your Pedicurist Is A Fish". NPR. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ "Verizon Wireless restores 4Chan traffic". Wirelessfederation.com. February 10, 2010. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
^ "4chan, 8chan, LiveLeak and Others Blocked by Australian Internet Companies over Mosque Massacre Video". Newsweek. March 19, 2019. Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
^ "Australian telcos block dozens of websites hosting Christchurch terror video". the Guardian. March 19, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
^ Brodkin, Jon (March 20, 2019). "4chan, 8chan blocked by Australian and NZ ISPs for hosting shooting video". Ars Technica. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
Bibliography
Nagle, Angela (2017). Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right. Winchester and Washington: Zero Books. ISBN 978-1-78535-543-1.
Further reading
Alfonso, Fernando III (October 1, 2013). "Now 10 years old, 4chan is the most important site you never visit". Interview with Christopher Poole. Daily Dot.
External links
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什么是 4chan,为什么会引起争议? | 互联网事务
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什么是 4chan,为什么会引起争议?
互联网事务团队 | 七月27th,2022
Internet Matters 为家长和专业人士提供全面的资源和专家指导,帮助他们应对不断变化的儿童互联网安全世界。
2003chan 成立于 4 年,是一个成熟的图像板网站,每月有 20 万访问者,每天有 900,000 个新帖子。 但它的匿名性和 18 岁以上的年龄限制意味着青少年使用 4chan、8chan 和他们的同行是不安全的。
页面上有什么
什么是4chan?
4chan如何运作?
青少年使用 4chan 安全吗?
为什么 4chan 有争议?
什么是8chan?
如果您的孩子使用 4chan,该怎么办
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什么是4chan?
4chan 是一个主要由年轻男性使用的图像板网站。 官方人口统计数据显示,最受欢迎的年龄组是 18 至 25 岁。然而,网上有多个使用 4chan 的青少年的个人故事。
它最初是作为对日本 2chan 的回答而创建的,用于讨论动漫。 但是,它现在拥有从视频游戏到成人内容的版块,网站的所有访问者都可以轻松访问这些版块。 4chan 也是许多互联网模因以及政治运动、黑客行动主义和网络攻击的来源。 因此,它一直是媒体许多争议的中心,并可能影响您青少年的在线安全。
4chan如何运作?
使用 4chan 的人不需要注册。 所有图片和讨论都可以匿名共享。 当用户登陆页面时,他们可以选择任何一个板。
然后会弹出一条消息,声称内容仅供“成熟”用户使用,否认对论坛造成任何伤害,并要求用户阅读规则。 虽然网站规则规定 4chan 仅适用于 18 岁以上,但使用“成熟”可能会被误解为某些人。 例如,登陆网站的青少年可能认为自己足够成熟,可以查看内容,无论他们是否未成年人。
然后,用户可以使用图像“开始新线程”并选择保持匿名或输入名称。 发布后,其他用户也可以直接匿名回复原始帖子。 但是,用户的 IP 地址仍会被跟踪,如果站点规则被破坏,可能会被禁止。 可以对这些禁令提出上诉。
不适当的内容建议中心
青少年使用 4chan 安全吗?
4chan 适用于 18 岁或以上的用户,因为网站上容易访问的不当内容以及对儿童在线安全的危险。 尽管该站点对每个板都有适当的规则,但最受欢迎的板 /b/ 或“随机”的规则较少。 事实上,它允许诸如种族主义和跨性别恐惧症等仇恨言论以及特定的色情和怪诞内容。 站点规则规定,在 /b/ 之外不允许此类内容。
一些板被标记为“工作安全”,这意味着不适当的内容是违反规则的。
4chan 没有任何类型的家长控制或隐私设置。 用户可以选择匿名,并可以访问他们选择的任何板。 但是,您可以 在宽带和移动网络上设置家长控制 这可能会限制青少年访问 4chan。
其他网站如 8kun(以前的 8chan)和 16chan 也存在。 在 8chan 上,内容不像 4chan 那样适度,因此对青少年来说更不安全。 16chan 匿名存在 在黑暗的网络上 并包含非法和未经审核的内容。
为什么 4chan 有争议?
由于可以在图像板上找到的内容,4chan 一直处于许多争议的中心。 值得注意的包括 Gamergate、各种网络攻击、美国的暴力威胁和儿童色情制品。 可以理解的是,社区在整个网站上宣扬厌女症和暴力行为的担忧是可以理解的。
尽管对他们的在线安全存在这些危险,青少年仍可能使用该网站。 这可能是因为社区之间共享的有趣模因,或者是因为该网站的创建者在创建该网站时自己还是个青少年。
什么是大气层,为什么会引起关注?
什么是8chan?
就像 4chan 是作为日本 2chan 的英文对应物创建的一样,4chan 的其他迭代也存在。 其中一些包含更多有害内容,因此了解这些内容也很重要。
8kun(以前称为 8chan)是为了回应一些认为 4chan 过于节制的人而创建的。 与 4chan 不同,8chan 不会出现在 Google 搜索结果中。 由于对发布内容的限制较少,网站上会留下暴力和非法材料。 它甚至成为犯罪活动的来源。 结果,2019年关停,换成8kun,目的是小节。
8kun,也称为infinitechan,允许用户在任何主题上创建自己的板。 8chan/8kun 上的许多团体被认为是暴力犯罪和仇恨团体的来源,尤其是在美国。
需要注意的其他 4chan 版本:
2通道/2通道/2通道: 原始图像板是为用户自由谈论动漫而创建的,无需审查或审核。 它创建于 1999 年,至今仍主要在日本使用。
4channel:直接模仿4chan,宣传4channel适合工作。 但是,无论用户点击哪个版块,关于成人内容的相同免责声明仍然存在。 它与原版的相似之处可能会造成混淆。
16chan: 仅可用 在黑暗的网络上,创建者及其用户是匿名的。 与暗网的许多领域一样,16chan 托管危险和非法内容。
虽然 4chan.com 可能会在某些 IP 上被阻止,但重要的是要了解特别精明的青少年可能会尝试的变通办法。 这些可能包括尝试不同的域后缀和安装 VPN。
如果您的孩子使用 4chan,该怎么办
许多年轻人可能会发现自己使用 18 个以上的网站,尽管出于好奇或同侪压力,他们的在线安全受到威胁。 他们可能认为自己比同龄人更成熟,这可能使他们面临风险。 您可以采取以下措施来确保青少年的安全:
就年龄限制及其存在的原因进行对话:有 18 岁以上限制的网站可以确保儿童安全。 它们包含的内容可能会造成创伤或提出关于生活和人际关系的不切实际的标准。 在 4chan 和 8chan 的情况下,这些网站还可能包含针对弱势年轻人加入他们的社区。 这些社区可能会传播仇恨和错误信息。
谈论他们在网上做什么: 关于他们做什么的对话 一般来说,可以帮助您更接近他们的在线世界。 这也可以帮助他们在遇到与在线有关的事情时对分享感到更自在。
设置家长控制:设备和在线应用程序通常具有家长控制功能,可以限制您的孩子可以访问的网站类型。 这些家长控制也可以通过 宽带和移动网络 为了全家的安全。
完成 定期健康检查 在他们的设备上:确保没有在他们的设备上下载其他软件,例如 VPN 或可能绕过控制的不可信应用程序
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